Lecture Notes for Module 8:
7.1 Social Stratification and Social Inequality
1. Social stratification means that members of a society are categorized and divided into groups that occupy particular places in a social hierarchy. Higher-level groups will enjoy more access to theand resources within that society, leaving lower-level groups with less.
2. Social inequality is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige in society. Social inequality profoundly affects individuals’ life experiences.
3. Basic principles of social stratification are:
1. It is a characteristic of society rather than a reflection of individual differences.
2. It persists over generations.
3. Different societies use different criteria for ranking.
4. It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of a society.
7.2 Systems of Stratification
1. Slavery
1. The most extreme system of social stratification, slavery relegates people to the status of property, mainly for labor. Slaves have none of the rights common to free members.
2. Slavery is an economic system that is profitable to the owner at the expense of the slaves, who endure extreme subjugation.
3. Currently prohibited in every nation in the world, slavery is both illegal and immoral. Nevertheless, forms of slavery such as child slavery, serfdom, forced and bonded laborers, human trafficking, and sex slavery persist.
2. Caste System
2. A caste system is a highly stratified society where a person has little or no chance of changing his or her position within the hierarchy regardless of individual achievement. Caste is usually based on heredity.
2. South Africa’s apartheid system (194891) was a caste system based on race and ethnicity. South Africans were classified into four main racial groups: white, black, Indian (from Asia), and colored (mixed race). Although blacks made up 60 percent of the population, they were subject to substandard treatment and access to resources. Apartheid maintained geographical and social separation of racial groups.
1. Social Class
3. System of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies.
3. Ranks individuals and groups using variables of wealth, education, income, power, and occupation; these factors together are commonly known as socioeconomic status (SES).
7.3 Social Class in the United States
1. The upper class makes up 1 percent of the U.S. population. This group’s total net worth is greater than that of the entire remaining 90 percent. Members of this class earn in excess of $250,000 per year and are often highly educated, cultured, and influential.
2. The upper middle class makes up 14 percent of the population. Members are well educated and highly skilled, making upward of $89,000 to more than $150,000 per year.
3. The middle class makes up 30 percent of the population, though there are some indications that its proportion is shrinking. Generally, the middle class works as skilled laborers in technical and lower-management jobs, earning from $55,000 to $88,000.
4. The working class, or lower middle class, makes up 30 percent of the population. Working-class members tend to be semiskilled workers in manual labor, clerical jobs, and the service industry, and make around $23,000 to $54,000 per year.
5. The working poor make up 20 percent of the population, often working in lower-paid manual and service industry jobs or doing seasonal work.
6. The underclass makes up about 5 percent of the population. Its members are generally not well educated and lack valuable work skills. Because members may be seldom or unemployed, many depend on public or private assistance for an average income of less than $7,500 per year.
7. These categories are problematic due to status inconsistencies or stark contrasts in the different status levels one person can occupy. Also, because the variables used to measure SES are numerous and complex, one individual may embody many different levels of class standing.
7.4 Theories of Social Class
1. Conflict TheoryKarl Marx: Social inequality exists where capitalists have a distinct advantage over workers. Wealth becomes concentrated among a small group of the elite.
2. Weberian TheoryMax Weber: Class involves wealth, power, and prestige. Power is the ability to impose one’s will on others. Prestige refers to social honor that comes from membership in certain groups. Although wealth, power and prestige are interrelated, they are separate and distinct concepts.
3. Structural FunctionalismKingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore: Social stratification is a system of rewards that is unequally distributed among various roles. Higher roles are more desirable and critical for the functioning of society than lower roles. There is an assumption of meritocracy.
4. PostmodernismPierre Bourdieu: Class is created by social reproduction, through which it is passed from one generation to another. Cultural capital refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that parents pass on to their children. Cultural capital can hinder or help people in their lives.
5. Symbolic InteractionDavid Sudnow: Class is constructed from everyday social interactions. Sudnow argues that we make split-second judgments about who people are and which social status they occupy, and then act on these judgments. Aaron Cicourel maintains that we make inferences about the statuses of others based on the social situation in which we encounter them. Erving Goffman notes that we interpret different aspects of identity by interpreting the behavior of others, and others do the same to us. We are constantly evaluating the class statuses of others, while they are evaluating our class status. Class, then, is a performance of particular elements that make up our presentations of self.
6. There are always interactions between macro and micro interpretations of class.
7.5 Socioeconomic Status and Life Chances
1. Family: Social class has an effect on the age when people marry, the age when they have children, and how many children they have.
2. : SES affects both overall health and access to. Those with more education are more likely to report being in excellent health. Those with higher SES also have a lifespan five years longer than that of people of low SES.
3. Education: Education and class status affect one another in a self-perpetuating feedback cycle. Typically, the higher a person’s education level is, the higher his or her income will be. A person’s class background will also affect his or her attitudes and access to education.
4. Work and Income: Social class affects a person’s chances to work. Lower-class workers generally are unemployed or underemployed more often than upper- or upper-middle-class workers. Some among the extremely privileged upper class are able to live a luxurious lifestyle without having to work for income.
5. Criminal Justice: Members of lower classes are more likely to encounter the criminal-justice system than members of upper classes because people in lower classes are often more visible and less powerful, and thereby more likely to be labeled as criminals. Poor people are also more likely to be victims of violent crime than rich people.
7.6 Social Mobility
1. Social mobility refers to movement from one social class to another.
2. In a closed system, there is little opportunity for social mobility. However, the apparent opportunities in a more open system may be more perception than reality.
3. Intergenerational mobility refers to change in social class that occurs from one generation to the next. Intragenerational mobility refers to the change in social class that occurs in an individual’s lifetime. Horizontal social mobility refers to the occupational movement of individuals or groups within a social class. Vertical social mobility refers to the movement between different class statuses.
4. Structural mobility occurs when large numbers of people move up or down the social ladder because of structural changes in society as a whole.
7.7 Defining Poverty
1. Relative deprivation is a comparative measure, whereas absolute deprivation measures the extent to which people are unable to meet minimum standards for food, shelter, clothing, and health care.
2. The U.S. federal poverty line is $21,954 for a family of four; $17,098 for a family of three; $13,991 for a family of two; and $10,956 for an individual. Most of the poor are working poor who work full time but are still unable to make ends meet.
3. Social welfare programs were created during the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the 1980s, welfare became stigmatized, with critics maintaining that it discouraged people from working and fostered dependence on government funds. In 1990, welfare reform limited the length of time that people remained eligible to receive welfare payments as well as setting specific requirements for how much an individual had to work while receiving welfare. Welfare is still a controversial topic, and new policy recommendations are anticipated in the future.
4. “Culture of poverty” is a term coined by Oscar Lewis, who suggested that the poor develop a way of life that included attitudes of resignation and fatalism, which causes poverty to pass on generationally. Unfortunately, the culture of poverty theory tends to support the faulty just-world hypothesis. Both the culture of poverty theory and the just-world hypothesis are criticized because they tend to blame the victims of structural inequality.
5. Poverty in the United States is often invisible even though almost 47.8 million people were living on incomes at or below the poverty line in 2009. Residential segregation, political disenfranchisement, and homelessness all contribute to the poor being unrecognized in mainstream society.
7.8 Inequality and the Ideology of the American Dream
1. The ideology of the American Dream legitimizes stratification by reinforcing the idea that everyone has the same chances to get ahead, and that long-term success and failure depends only on the individual. Within this ideology, inequality is presented as a system of incentives and rewards for achievement.
2. In reality, upward mobility in the United States depends more on race or ethnicity, gender, and class than on merit. Moreover, the consumerism promoted by the American Dream has led to more debt, less free time, and greater discontent.
3. One countercultural trend in the United States is the simplicity movement, which rejects consumerism and seeks to reverse some of its consequences for the individual, for society, and for the planet.
Chapter summary:
Overview and Objectives
Overview
Did you know that the earth is made up of layers consisting of volcanic soil and deposits? The society too is made up of such layers, or strata. Each stratum is called a Class.
A class is a category or group that depicts ones social ranking or economic standing within a society.
In a caste system such as slavery, people are born into their positions. However, a person is able to move from one class to another. A class system is dependent on family and ascribed factors, such as race and ethnicity. Income inequality is typically expected in a class system. Additionally, unequal distribution of power and prestige is also prevalent in a class system.
Ones class affects the quality of education, health care, housing, and/or transportation made available to them.
Objectives
After completing this module onSocial Stratification and Social Mobility, you will be able to:
Define class.
Compare and contrast the various class models presented by Rossides and Marx.
Identify the components of class, as defined by Weber.
Explain how class impacts life chances.
Developmental stage of emerging adulthood essay help: essay help
Chapter 11 of the course textbook covers cultural, cognitive, personality, and identity issues of the developmental stage of emerging adulthood, as does this weeks required article by Smith-Osborne (2007), which presents a historical perspective on two developmental theories, with a focus on resiliency theory.
In your initial post to this discussion, address each of the following items:
Identify and cite two peer-reviewed articles that analyze similar issues or cases relating to emerging adulthood from the perspectives of lifespan theory and resiliency theory, respectively.
Briefly summarize the theses, methods, and results of each study, identifying the similarities and difference between the two approaches.
Assess the relative strength and shortcomings of the resiliency theory approach vis a vis a lifespan theory approach with reference to specific cases or examples.
Reflect on what the two studies reveal about the cognitive and personality issues of emerging adulthood discussed in your articles.
In your responses to no fewer than two of your classmates, compare and contrast your respective choices of literature, issues/cases, and theoretical approaches. Offer constructive criticism and argument regarding your respective conclusions. Additionally, identify any insights you have gained as a result of reading the responses of others.
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On Dumpster Diving meets Aphrodite
As we discuss narratives this week, let’s talk about description, particularly sensory description (smells, sounds, sights, tastes and touch) and using specific details (instead of generic details) to make things come to life. So begin with your first reaction to these pieces. What moved you or interested you or surprised you? As a writer learning from other writers, what did either of these pieces do well that you might want to do as well?
Then, in addition to talking about these pieces as ways to use the personal to make a point, I want you to consider HOW they are engaging the senses and “putting you into the scenes” with the specific use of details to further their personal narratives. Did this work (or not) for you and why?
Responses to at least 2 posts (in this thread) must be up by Friday at midnight.
Remember: An original post should be roughly 200 words.
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The majority of the data is normally distributed if there are enough subjects. For instance, if you collected test scores of only a few honor students, the data will most likely not be normally distributed because you would have a sample that did not represent the entire population. But the identical test scores (for honor students) collected from all schools in a state will result in a normal distribution.
Identify an example of a population that you would expect to be normally distributed. Explain why you believe it would be normally distributed. Then, describe a subset of the population you identified and explain why it would not be normally distributed and what the distribution would look like.
Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your textbook and course readings. Start reviewing and responding to at least two of your classmates as early in the week as possible. You can ask technical questions or respond generally to the overall experience. Be honest, clear, and concise. Always use constructive language, even in criticism, to work toward the goal of positive progress. Using questions and seeking clarifications are good ways to make your reviews substantive!
Submission Details:
Post your response to the Discussion Areaby the due date assigned.Respond to at least two posts by the end of the week.
Consulting for the Caring Angel Hospital english essay help online
Consulting for the Caring Angel Hospital
Overview
Imagine that you are a senior consultant at Practical Health Care Consulting. Your supervisor has instructed you to spend three months at the Caring Angel Hospital to help improve the quality of care, add value to the organization, improve employee morale, design an efficient organizational chart, create a strong team environment, and create the hospital’s competitive advantage. The hospital has traditionally made losses year after year. Furthermore, it is not performing well financially, and the banks are not willing to lend it large sums of money for more effective marketing.
After spending two months within the hospital, you are very happy with your progress, and you think you are capable of acquiring more patient base and expanding the hospital market. However, with a closer look, you notice that your patients are still hopping from one specialized hospital to another in search of various specialized treatments. You also notice that the seats are not comfortable in the waiting area, and the patients continuously show up for appointments on the wrong dates. The nurses and the employees are not smiling during patient conversations, and everyone looks for ways to blame others for failures in the patient treatment process. Everyone seems to work alone and hide what they do from their colleagues.
At the end of the 3-month period, you must provide a report with your recommended strategies designed to help Caring Angel Hospital achieve its goals.
Note: You may create or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.
Requirements
Write a 46page paper in which you:
From a consulting perspective, propose the major steps that Caring Angel Hospital could take to achieve each of the following goals:
Improve the quality of care.
Add value to the organization.
Improve employee morale.
Design an efficient organizational chart.
Create a strong team environment.
Create the hospital’s competitive edge.
Recommend one approach that the hospital could use for acquiring a larger market share given the prevailing financial circumstances. Justify your recommendation.
Investigate at least two value-added services that Caring Angel Hospital could offer to strengthen its value proposition. Provide at least two examples of the advantages of these value-added services to the hospital.
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Question 1
Choose a project with a relatively simple description (building a LAN, designing a web page, inventing a new communication device, etc.). Which type of contract structure (Fixed total price, Fixed unit price, Fixed price with incentive, Fixed fee with price adjustment)
and what procurement documents (Request for Proposal, Invitation for Bid, Request for Quotation/Proposal)
would you recommend for this project and why?
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Course Feedback Week 9
Each week, I have learned something new in this class. Things that I can implement at work, ways to deal with conflicts to situations, I am not used to basic skills of communications. we leant about group conflict and conflict management strategies while working in groups and learnt how to manage conflict.
Decision making and problem solving in groups Is a consensus of problem-solving approaches, majority ruling, and building more teams that are effective. argumentation and negotiation were introduced to motivate employees, determine positive conflicts and how to deal with irrelevant and inappropriate schemes that happen within the group during the project.
We also discussed basic negotiation skills of bargaining and integrative tactics included in the business setting of negotiation. Also discussing how to avoid making mistakes within planning and when you are setting goals for your project.
Each week continues to be learning experience for me. We continue to have weekly check-ins, ensure all work is completed for the project by Sundays, and communicate effectively to ensure we are on track for the GCCM Paper due in Week 11. We continue to edit each others work to understand the baseline and have chances to place our views with our team member views. So far, I have really enjoyed this class and especially my group.
The relation between ethics and religion essay help for free
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapters 3, 4
Lesson
Minimum of 2 scholarly sources (in addition to the textbook)
Instructions
Review the following ethical dilemmas:
John Doe has decided to clone himself. He is sterile. He cannot find anyone to marry him. He wishes to have children. He knows that he will not be able to love a child that is adopted or not connected directly to him biologically. He will be making use of a new procedure that involves taking his skin cells to produce a twin. The twin starts out as an embryo and grows into a child. The child in this case will have the same genetic information as John Doe. John Doe and his child will be twins.
Jane Doe is eighteen. For as long as she can remember she has been sexually attracted to other females. Her parents belong to a religion that has a religious text stating that God forbids one to be a lesbian. This religion goes on further to say that lesbians will be punished in the afterlife. Jane Doe is debating whether she should tell her parents about her sexual attraction. She has not yet decided if she should come out to her parents and live as a lesbian now that she is a legal adult.
Joe and Mary are a couple. Before becoming sterile, they had a child. This child died of a rare disease. Joe and Mary miss their child terribly. They have heard that there is a new IVF procedure that can ensure that they can have another child. However, their religion forbids using IVF.
Use the resources assigned for this week and additional research,
Instructions
Select two of the situations above and then address 2 of the following:
What is the relation between ethics and religion? Formulate and investigate the relation.
For each case, determine the ethical path of conduct. Then, determine what paths of conduct would be unethical
For each case, what would an emotivism say to appraise what you determine is the ethical form of conduct?
For each case, would a natural law ethicist agree with what you say is the ethical form of conduct? Why or why not?
Articulate, explain, and evaluate in each case an approach that makes use of divine command ethics.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 2-3 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)
Non-Social Service Agencies Employing Social Workers essay help services: essay help services
Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1
2
Title of Paper
Your Name
Liberty University
Title of Paper
Indent, and write your introduction here.
Community Description
Indent, and describe your community here. Make sure to thoroughly describe who lives in your community. What racial/ethnic/religious groups are represented here? Is this community economically diverse? Is this a wealthy or impoverished community? What about city, suburban, or rural characteristics? Citing statistics or other sources on your community will be incredibly helpful here! You can find statistics on your community at .
Social Service Agencies
As you have been learning in this course, social workers often work at social service agencies, describe the social service agencies in your community in depth. Include information such as names of the organizations, the population they serve, the services they offer to this population, and job responsibilities of social workers at the agencies, etc. These agencies can be, but are not limited to thelocal department of health and human services, mental health agencies, refugee resettlement agencies, adult and child protective services, adoption agencies, etc.
Non-Social Service Agencies Employing Social Workers
Describe the other agencies/organizations, which employ social workers, in depth. Include information such as names of the organizations, the population they serve, the services they offer to this population, etc. These agencies can be, but are not limited to schools, hospitals, veterans administration, Head Start, nursing homes, after school programs, etc.
Conclusion
Indent and write your conclusion here. This section describes any personal interest in social work specific areas. It also contains a short summary of your paper.
References
References should be listed on a separate page at the end of your paper. You can use your textbooks as your references. APA format example:
Keith-Lucas, A. (1985).Soyou want to be a social worker: A primer for the Christian student.
North American Association of Christians in Social Work.
Segal, E. A., Gerdes, K. E., & Steiner, S. (2016).An introduction to the profession of social work: Becoming a change agent. Cengage.
Yankoski, M. (2005).Under the overpass: A journey of faith on the streets of America. Multnomah.
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Week Four Discussion Board Thread Instructions
$12 Summaries
Please read the following chapters:
Everyday Bible Study: Chapters 24-27; 34-35
Illustrated Bible Survey: Chapters 19-24
Courageous Faith: Student choice Select one chapter from chapters 7-9
$12 Summaries
This week you will write four summaries that contain between 100 and 120 words each. You get to choose any four from the chapters listed below (15-35). All four summaries should be contained in the one thread you post to the discussion board. Please title each summary with the chapter number and title. You must include at least one quote fromEveryday Bible Studyin this thread and include at least one quote from the Bible itself.
For an example of this type of thread, please see the provided example in the Course Content folder.
15. Observe: How to Make Accurate Observations
16. How to Use Multiple Translations of the Bible
17. How to Ask Key Questions
28. Interpret: How to Find the Meaning of the Bible
29. Correlate: How to Connect Scripture to Other Scriptures
30. Correlate: How to See Jesus in the Bible
31. Apply: How to Live Out What You Learn
32. How to Study the Old Testament Genres, Part 1: Law
33. How to Study the Old Testament Genres, Part 2: Narrative
34. How to Study the Old Testament Genres, Part 3: Wisdom and Poetry
35. How to Study the Old Testament Genres, Part 4: Prophetic Literature
Another way of saying this is: With each word being worth 10 cents, write four $12 summaries of the reading fromany fourof the following chapters inEveryday Bible Study. Please note that this list includes chapters from last weeks reading fromEveryday Bible Study.
This means that in this assignment you are developing four summaries of 120 words each (one for each of the four chapters you selected). You should aim to create four summaries where each summary is between 100-120 words. Each of your summaries should not exceed the 120-word or $12 limit. You must include at least one quote fromEveryday Bible Studyin this thread of four summaries.
Social stratification and social inequality free college essay help
The Instructions for your reflection assignments is in your course syllabus. But, I will restate some of that here. Your reflection assignment should be 100-150 words in length and you should do your assignment in a Word document using 12 font and double spaced. No references are necessary in these assignments as they are your own words based on what you have learned in the course. But remember you must use the course material to answer these questions/assignments. That is, they are not meant as an avenue for you to provide your personal opinion on the topic. These assignments are to be done independently (e.g., not to be done with others in your class). See your course syllabus for the due date.
Reflection Assignment #4 Question:
In class we talked about social stratification and social inequality. We discussed 5 groups or categories of people(s) that have traditionally always been poor. First, please simply list these 5 groups in one sentence. Second, please tell me which one of these groups is the MOST poor and also tell me which of these groups was only recently added to the list of poor in Canada?
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Please Go to the NIH on the Link below, Read about the Health consequences of Drug misuse/ Abuse . chose One body system and Be prepared to explain the effects of different drugs on the selected system.
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research the Telehealth and Telemedicine,
Is US healthcare system, really ready to implement the telehealth and telemedicine, into healthcare structures.
Find out what are the issues we are facing with integration of new technology into healthcare?
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CMST 439 Leadership and Strategic Communication
Textbook: The Leadership Challenge by Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner
Self-Assessment & Professional Development Plan
Think about yourself and leadership. Do a self-assessment. Identify at least 2 things you do well Identify at least 1 new insight you have Identify at least 2 things you would like to improve upon Answer the Question: What will I do to improve?
This paper should be 1 to 2 pages max.
The format should look like this:
INTRODUCTION a paragraph or maybe 2
WHAT I DO WELL (2 THINGS) one paragraph each
NEW INSIGHT ABOUT LEADERSHIP one paragraph
SOMETHING I WOULD LIKE TO DO TO CONTINUE GROWING ON MY LEADERSHIP JOURNEY one OR two paragraphs include a goal and your first steps.
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Public safety leaders must always consider the ethical and legal challenges in their decision-making processes. Ethical and legal dilemmas are commonplace, persistently challenging public safety leaders in their decisions and actions in a variety of ways.
Consider the position of former Seattle Chief Carmen Best during the takeover of an area in downtown Seattle during the Summer 2020 by protesters. She was faced with a multitude of problems the least of which was a lack of support by the mayor and active incitement by some city councilpersons. She has since tendered her resignation as police chief of Seattle PD.
Review the articles below. What are some of the ethical and legal considerations she faced? Did she exhibit ethical leadership? Why or why not? What were some decision-making elements you learned that she may have used during that challenging time?
Baker, M. (2020 August 11). Cant Do It: Chief Resigns Amid Seattles Divide Over Policing. New York Times. Retrieved from
Issues and Organizational Context college admission essay help
Team Analysis Paper Students will conduct an analysis of a team that they were or are presently a member. If not a member of a team, students should speculate on being a member of a team and conduct an analysis on what should occur if developing a formal team. Students should reflect on the team according to the Characteristics, Processes,
Issues and Organizational Context found in our Levi text, Group Dynamics for Teams. Additional guidance includes:
a. do not cover all the aspects that Levi discusses, just the most important or those that impact (ed) the team in significant ways;
b. assess the team according to the Team Assessment from the book, The Five Dysfunctions of a Team found on pp. 191 – 194; discuss the results;
c. the general format should include what the team did/does well, what it did/does poorly and what it could have/could done/do to improve its performance.
d. length is eight pages, +/- one page; APA format, document the Levi text with proper use of in-text citations and a reference section;
The grading rubric for this Team Analysis Paper is below:
Overview of the team: 20 points
Identification and analysis of team Characteristics, Processes, Issues,and Organizational Context (see the outline of the Levi text): 100 points
Dysfunction Assessment Analysis: 20 points
Recommendations to Improve Performance: 30 points
APA style, grammar, length (8 pages, +/- a page): 30 points
Total: 200 Points
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HEPATITIS A OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION
You are a member of the Hepatitis Unit of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. The year is 1968. On May 15th, a request to assist in the investigation of an outbreak of infectious Hepatitis A was extended. You learned that 55 cases of infectious hepatitis had been reported to District #2 Health Department in North Trail, Michigan.
Question # 1
Knowing that between April 1 and May 15, 1968, there were 55 cases of Hepatitis A infection reported to the County Health Department, could you conclude that this is a problem of epidemic proportion?
Justify your response.
Question #2
A. Are 55 cases in excess of normal expectancy?
B. How did you establish whether this is greater than expected?
Question #3
As members of the Hepatitis Unit you determined that all of the reported hepatitis victims should be interviewed as the first step of the investigation. They will be interviewed in their homes if possible. What questions will you ask? You should identify at least ten questions.
What other actions might you take at this time in the investigation while you are at the victims homes?
Question #4
What information can you identify from studying daily incidence and the epidemic curve?
Question #5
Make observations about the characteristics of the outbreak in terms of time (i.e, Which decade of age had the highest attack rate? And What hypothesis relative to time and person can you make at this point in the investigation?)
Question #6
Make observations about the characteristics of the outbreak in terms of place.
What can you conclude from this information about the distribution of disease in terms of time and place?
Question 7
Why is it important to calculate attack rates by age?
Question 8
Using the information calculated about place and person, what conclusions can you draw now?
Question 9
From the information in Table 3, what hypothesis can be formed about the source of the infection?
Is this type of data alone sufficient to identify a single source?
Question 10
Compare the listed exposures (Table 4). Which source (location) shows the largest differential between well and ill?
Explain the high exposure rates to water in both the sick and well groups.
Question 11
What conclusions can you draw about milk possibly being the source of the contamination?
Question 12
Study Figure 2. How do these data aid in the investigation?
Question 13
Review the Case Histories (attached). Are they compatible with the bakery being the source of infection?
Question 14
What would be your next step in the investigation?
Question 15
Does your epidemic curve reveal the incubation period for hepatitis?
If so, what is it?
Does this curve still support a common source of infection?
Question 16
Knowing that infectious hepatitis virus is killed by heat, what further investigation would you undertake to confirm the source of the virus?
Question 17
Do you agree with the decision? Justify your response.
Question 18
None of the bakery employees appeared ill. Why were SGPT tests performed?
Question 19
Since the epidemic had ended, why was it necessary to administer the gamma globulin?
How would you evaluate the effectiveness of this control measure?
North Trail Public School
Saint Lukes School
Grade
# in class
# ill
AR (%)
Grade
# in class
# ill
AR (%)
K
126
2
1.6
1
128
0
0.0
1
37
1
2.7
2
121
0
0.0
2
41
1
2.4
3
107
0
0.0
3
37
0
0.0
4
106
2
1.9
4
26
0
0.0
5
120
1
0.8
5
30
0
0.0
6
111
1
0.9
6
32
0
0.0
7
110
5
4.5
7
26
0
0.0
8
120
9
7.5
8
21
0
0.0
9
143
12
8.4
10
128
16
12.5
11
112
1
0.9
12
93
2
2.2
Table 2. Attack Rates by Grade and School in Cases of Hepatitis A Lake County, MI
Table 3. Exposure History of 41 Hepatitis A Cases, Ages 10-19, Lake County, MI
Food or Water
Yes
No
Unknown
% Known Exposed
Restaurant A
15
25
1
36.6
Restaurant B
17
23
1
41.5
North Trail Dairy Queen
28
12
1
68.3
Spruce City Dairy Queen
8
32
1
19.5
North Trail Bakery
37
3
1
90.2
North Trail Municipal Water
36
5
0
87.8
Table 4. Comparison of the Exposure History of 41 Cases of Hepatitis A in the 10-19 year old age group with the Exposure History of a Group of 56 Well Household Members in the 10-19 year old age group, Lake County, MI
Hepatitis Cases
Number
Yes
Number
No
Number
Unk
% Known
Exposure
Restaurant A
15
25
1
36.6
Restaurant B
17
23
1
41.5
North Trail DQ
28
12
1
68.3
Spruce City DQ
8
32
1
19.5
North Trail Bakery
37
3
1
90.2
North Trail Water
36
5
0
87.8
Well Household Members
Restaurant A
22
31
3
39.3
Restaurant B
15
39
2
26.8
North Trail DQ
39
17
0
69.6
Spruce City DQ
6
50
0
10.7
North Trail Bakery
26
29
1
46.4
North Trail Water
51
4
1
91.1
Figure 2. Percent of Total Persons Patronizing North Trail Bakery by Hour of Sale and Age
Percent of Customers by Hour of Sale and Age
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
7am8am9am10am11am12noon1pm2pm3pm4pm5pm
Hour of Sale
Percentage of Customers
Less than 1010-19 years20 years and over
Tensions between nurses and doctors essay help app: essay help app
Motivating Employees
Overview
Imagine that you have been appointed the director of health at the Kaluyu Memorial Hospital in Nairobi, Kenyaa for-profit hospital. The facility is also a referral hospital and receives severe cases of accidents and chronicle andcommunicable diseases, and it houses an HIV/AIDS ward. As you settle into your position, you realize that the employees always act scared as they approach their superiors. Some of the employees deliver files and leave your office in a hurry.
As you make your routine departmental visits, you realize that there are tensions between nurses and doctors, and there is a sentiment that the nurses tend to do the majority of the work within patient care but the doctors get all the credit. You realize that the employees are always looking forward to the end of their shifts when they cango home. Some employees even come back to work wearing the same unwashed clothes as the previous day. Too many employees are calling in sick, and many of them give weak reasons for their tardiness.
There is also a sense that employees and nurses dominate other employees in similar positions. In meetings and conference calls, some employees are quiet and never participate. You notice that people with families tend to gather and talk quietly on breaks. The new mothers working for the hospital have to use bathrooms to pump breast milk for their infants, and the refrigerators do not work well. Looking at the financial statements of the hospital, you realize that the hospital’s expenses are higher than the industry standard, and it makes losses year after year.
Note: You may create or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.
Preparation
As part of your preparation for this assignment, please read the following:
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Requirements
Write a 46page paper in which you:
Investigate the major demotivational factors at Kaluyu Memorial Hospital. Assess the level of impact that the identified factors could have on specific areas of service and business if the administration does not address the situation. Support your response with at least two examples of the potential negative impact of the identified demotivational factors on the hospital.
Read the overviews of the three major motivational theories (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, and McClelland’s acquired needs theory). After reading all three, choose the theorythat you think best fits this scenario and defend that choice in your assignment.
Formulate a communication system that will have the greatest impact on improving the situation, and specify the major reasons why your system will influence the employee behaviors for the better. Justify your response.
Ffind four recent (within the last five years) quality academic resources forthis assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
Improving the programs effectiveness best essay help
SOCW 6070 Wk 10 discussion 2 PEER responses Peer names then response separately to each peer provided
Respond to at least two colleagues in at least one of the following ways:
Explain whether you agree with your colleagues definition of success and method for evaluating success, and why.
Critique your colleagues recommendation for improving the programs effectiveness.
Peer 1
Emily Heare
RE: Discussion – Week 10
Evaluation of CALWORKS Success
The CalWorks program set up by the county used a three-way approach to providing ready cash assistance to the families in need (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014c). The method allowed families to choose what they thought would be the best path for them. At the beginning of the program, there was a great success. Over 40% of participates were able to stop receiving support (Plummer et al., 2014c). The most success came from the training and education part of the program. That part of the program was about 66% of the program’s success (Plummer et al., 2014c). The economic consequences of 2007-2011 had a significant impact on the program’s enrollment. While the numbers would suggest failure on the program’s part, the program could continue offering support, and all three of its options indicates that the program was still a success.
Success Defined
Overall success for this program could be measured by a decline in total participates. This measurement’s drawback is that it is subject to the economic pressures seen in 2007-2011 (Plummer et al., 2014c). A better measure would be the program’s ability to move participates out of the program, have them be successful, and not return to the program down the road. This is a sign of a successful and impactful program that gives participants the employment and skills needed to succeed.
Improvement Recommendation
One improvement would be to increase the sanctions on those that do not choose to participate in Job Club or educational training. These increased sanctions could drive more enrollment into those programs. The funds from these increased sanctions could be used to help participates overcome any obstacles in getting a job or education, such as child care or transportation.
Reference
Plummer, S. -B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014c). Social work case studies: Foundation year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing [Vital Source e-reader].
Peer 2
Elizabeth Cope
RE: Discussion – Week 10
Post an evaluation of the success of the CALWORKS program based on the information presented in the case study.
The CalWORKS program is a program funded by federal grants to help support families in need of assistance. This program began in 1996 with approximately 22,000 families in need. The program was able to place 10,000 of those clients in education settings, 9,000 clients at a place of employment, and 3,000 clients received reduced benefits because of their unwillingness to put forth effort in meeting their own needs. Within 11 years, the program was able to drop public assistance roles throughout the county by 40% or a drop of approximately 13,000 clients.
Be sure to define what success would be for the program and how you, as an administrator of the program, might evaluate whether success has been achieved.
This decrease in need of assistance from clients is a definite measure of success in my perspective. The fact that need rose during the economic downturn of 2007 2011 is not surprising. The quick 10% decrease in need after the economy got stronger shows the program continued to be successful with its clients. As an administrator, I would continue to follow families after they are no longer receiving benefits and collect that data to know whether they continue to be successful. The single mothers that are receiving the education benefits, are they using those classes to gain employment in those areas of specialty. Are the workers who chose job club moving up in rank in their companies or are they continuing to move from job to job. Just knowing extended data would tell me success of the program.
Finally, make one recommendation for improving the programs effectiveness.
A recommendation for improving the programs effectiveness would be not giving the option to receive reduced benefits to those that are refusing to work the program. A lot of talk with this current presidency is that he is going to be giving everyone and anyone free handouts. I do not believe people should be receiving benefits without trying to better their situations themselves. I know that is not very Social Workerish to say but I am from South Dakota, so .
Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014c). Social work case
studies: Foundation year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities
Publishing [Vital Source e-reader].
Social Change Project: Final Report my assignment essay help: my assignment essay help
Submit a 4-5 page final report of your Social Change Project. The final report should include:
Provide a brief synopsis of social problem and policy you identified.
Discuss what was accomplished over the past term and the change you made through your social change project.
Reflect on your experience. What did you learn? What would you do differently?
Explain how policy relates to direct practice.
Describe how you will apply advocacy skills as a social worker
Facial expressions motivated by emotion mba essay help
KINESICS: the study of body motion or body behavior.
Emblems: gestures that have a direct verbal translation and can stand alone such as the ok sign.
Illustrators: gestures that complement our words such as pointing when giving directions.
Regulators: gestures that may prolong or terminate the conversation such as looking at your watch, walking away, or nodding and leaning forward.
Adaptors: gestures that make you feel more comfortable in a communication situation such as twirling your hair or tapping your fingers.
Affect Displays: facial expressions motivated by emotion such as a smile or frown.
In this lesson, you will venture out and observe the people around you. Tune out what they are saying and then sit back and watch. Take notes on what type of gestures (emblems, regulators, illustrators, adaptors and affect displays) are they using? How often do they use each one? Are they aware of these gestures? You will then use your notes to write a typed two-page essay describing what you witnessed. Please let us know where you were, the mall, Starbucks, work, etc.. and who was involved, two men sitting at a table
Describe at least ten separate gestures.
What type?
What are they conveying? How many repetitions?
What are the circumstances?
Please submit your essay to this dropbox and include the following:
At least two pages typed– MINIMUM of 675 words
Double spaced
Paragraphs, not bullets
Include nonverbal terminology
Specific examples
Reminder: All written work must comply with standard English rules, such as proper capitalization, grammar, and spelling. The assignment must be submitted by the deadline listed on the calendar.Note: Even though you will see a statement giving you the option of copy/paste or file attachment, you are required to attach the assignment in MS Word format.