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Sample History Essay Paper on The New Deal About Ending The Great Depression Or Expanding Government Control Over The Economy buy argumentative essay help: buy argumentative essay help

Document Analysis 8

The selected question: Was the New Deal about ending the Great Depression or expanding government control over the economy?  

Fundamentally, the New Deal stipulated various forms of domestic policies propagated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.  According to the Interview with veteran Jimmy Sheridan, the original intention of the New Deal was to bring stability into the economy, create job opportunities, and relief to individuals from poor households. Before the New Deal, the interview with Kitty McCullough narrates and confirms the hard socio-economic times in the United States. According to Kitty, most people resorted to generosity to help the poor members of the society passing through various hard moments. Additionally, the interview with Frank Czerwonka further narrates the hard socio-economic conditions and the crucial role of kindness in sustaining the overall wellbeing of the American societies. President Roosevelt wanted to restore the country’s measure of dignity and prosperity among other essential functions. The New Deal dramatically expanded the U.S. Government’s control or increased role in the American economy.  

The New Deal transformed the character and operations of the American government and approaches towards related policies and issues. The Federal government increased its control over acreage allotments, introduced price and marketing controls in agriculture, and introduced wide-ranging regulation of private securities. Moreover, the Federal government increased its engagement and influence in the management of workers’ unions. Increased involvement in the lending and insurance services or activities, and setting of minimum wages among other important decisions defined some of the primary roles of the New Deal. The interview with C.B. Baldwin and Ed Paulson further affirmed that government policies stipulated under the New Deal influenced negatively the private operation of entities and workers’ welfare.

Indeed, exercising the extraordinary powers of the government to control the economy threatened free market operations. The government was understandably reacting to the heightened public pressure to tackle the economic crisis. Consequently, the Federal government failed to recognize that governments should exercise restraint in its control and engagement. The interview with Emil and Ruth Loricks revealed that the Agricultural Adjustment Act raised farm commodity prices to higher “parity” levels further plunging the farmers into economic depression. The act increased the prices of food and fiber more expensive, which many citizens could barely afford. Correspondingly, the National Industrial Recovery Act encouraged the nationalization of companies.

Furthermore, the interview with Raymond Moley on the efficacy of the New Deal further confirmed common fears of government control. According to Raymond, the centralization of powers in Washington by the Federal government was bad for the economy in the end. The radical policies on labor, banking, agriculture, and banking among other important sectors slowed down operation in the free market system. The interview with Alf Landon affirmed that the liberal nature of social security system proposed under the New Deal had detrimental impacts on the American economy. Lastly, the interview with Virginia Durr lamented that most Americans failed to realize the negative impacts associated with the New Deal propagated by President Roosevelt’s administration.    

In conclusion, the New Deal resulted in the dramatic expansion of the U.S. Government’s control and increased role in various sectors of the American economy. In essence, the policy statement suggested numerous programs and projects aimed to restore opulence among the U.S. citizens. Nonetheless, different proponents of the New Deal rhetoric argued that President Roosevelt’s policies stipulated under the policy document prolonged and deepened the Federal government’s powers in various sectors of the economy.

Sample Education Essay Paper on Responses and a Question college essay help los angeles

Responses and a Question

Responses to Responses

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a provision in the U.S. Constitution and should be accessible to citizens. However, there are instances in which this provision is used for selfish gains of some individuals hence the need for control to its access. The answer in the first set reflects how FOIA can be accessed within a school setting through has elicited different opinions from knowledgeable people in societies where democracy is contradicted by the implementation of constitutional laws. In the second set of responses, guidelines on access to different types of information within a school setting is provided, confirming the perception that even within a school, some information has to be controlled.The U.S. provides a suitable benchmark for the way democracy works in a civil society. The freedom of information is considered a key element of human rights. As a result, most constitutional laws in the U.S. are intended to protect human civil liberties whenever possible.  In spite of this, there is a tendency to request for payments for that information particularly among school districts. The responses in the two sets of discussion questions provide evidence that payment requests occur. In the first set, the explanation of payment as a good will does not make justifiable sense as that given for Howell District. It is understandable that the district requires payments for material expenses and not kickback. It would therefore be necessary to ask whether good will payments are necessary for information that is available to citizens.In each of the responses under consideration it is clearly mentioned that there are certain types of information that are exempted from FOIA. The response in the first set is however more detailed compared to the response in the second set. Protecting personal privacy is particularly a very essential part of data protection practice in the country. When advocating for FOIA exemption, it is important to ask to what extent the exemption should go with regards to protection of different types of information and this can be applied even in the school context.The responses to the fourth question also address the fees associated with access to information in a general context and within school district context respectively. In the response presented in the first set, the fee range is provided without clear guidance on the specific fees payable for distinct services. On the other hand, the response in the second set clearly states where to find the information specific for Howell school district.The fifth discussion question really brings to mind the scope of applicability of the FOIA. Through the questions that are mentioned directly in the response given in the first set, there is clear evidence of the grey areas surrounding the applicability of FOIA. In the second set, a new perspective arises in relation to the intent of e-mails and the role of technology. This perspective has to be considered when making the decision as to whether a particular case, such as Howell’s fits the consideration of FOIA.The two answers perfectly describe constitutional law within the context of U.S law.

Question to Responses

When considering FOIA and the handling of different kinds of information both in the U.S constitution and within the school district. The scope of application of the FOIA is also widely dependent on various factors including the type of information to be shared, the intention of sharing the message and the process of information sharing. There is however this unending need to understand the scope of applicability of the law. As an individual, what would you consider covered within the scope of FOIA?

Sample Marketing Paper on Harley Davidson Case Study instant essay help: instant essay help

            Q1. Based on the case study of Harley Davidson, they needed to hire a Chief Marketing Officer because they wanted to sustain their growth through the development of new generation riders and a more diverse customer base, without losing existing customers. Competition in the motorcycle industry was at a peak, posing a threat to Harley Davidson’s market share with their aging riders. Countries like Italy, Germany, and Japan developed bikes that were cheaper, lighter, and faster; with a copycat of the Harley Davidson’s model in the cruiser space. These factors boosted their market sales compared to the market of Harley Davidson. Attracting the young adults in the US market would have been a problem for Harley Davidson due to these competing factors. The Chief Marketing Officer was hired to salvage the brand since its riders were aging. This could have been a serious threat to Harley Davidson’s existence in the motorcycle industry.

            Q2.1 According to the research, the core customers thought they could relate to the Harley Davidson brand. The customers embraced the brand and made it a lifestyle besides purchasing it. Their loyalty represented the peak of the brand, a peak other few brands could hope to attain. The commitment shown by the Harley Davidson brand community is unique as compared to other brands. The motorcycle owners of the brand and the independent club, with their extraordinary identities, comprise of the Harley Davidson subculture. Harley Owners Group (H.O.G), created in 1983 was a company-affiliated club that created a platform for owners to pay duty. The club was closely related with Harley Davidson management, and its members supported events like rides and rallies in conjunction with the brand dealers. The core customers thought the Harley lifestyle was strong according to the research.

            Q 2.2 The research indicated that young adults had a negative approach to the Harley brand and lifestyle. Some of them claimed to have not found the correct ride; others found the purchasing cost too high, unpleasant sound production and others found the bikes physically uncomfortable. Unlike core customers who preferred chrome cruisers, young adults preferred striped, elemental dark bikes.

            Q 3. Harley Davidson has several strengths that allow it to maintain the leading position in the motorcycle industry. For example, the loyalty of the customers to the brand is outstanding. This enables the steady growth of the company in the industry and allows new models of bikes to penetrate the market.  The company has a wide geographical extension in terms of market share. This commands the company’s stability in the market. The company has weaknesses despite the strengths. For instance, it has not diversified its automobile development. It only focuses on motorcycles yet it can successfully venture into car industry. Harley needs to utilize opportunities like exploiting emerging markets, for example, Russia, India, and China. Penetrating these rapidly growing markets can be easy due to their known brand. Thus, Harley needs to strengthen its presence in such countries for market share expansion. One of the main threats Harley faces is competition. Countries like Japan develop bikes that are cheaper, lighter and faster. This eventually raises its market share in the motorcycle industry.

            Q 4.1.  I would have used the branded house criteria because Harley is a well known brand and introducing other independent brand will affect its penetration to the market. For example, Buell bikes would be branded Harley.

            Q 4.2. Buells would be branded Harley, with cheaper price and manufactured in captivating styles to attract the young adults in the market. This would have counteracted the young adults’ issue of disinterest in the Harley rides.

Sample Religious Studies Paper on Comprehension and Reflection argumentative essay help

Reflection on Readings and Instructional Materials

In this reflection, my preferred topic is on how the concepts of theology, Christology, and Soteriology can influence my inherent beliefs and perceptions towards Christianity and the existence of the supernatural being. Fundamentally, I gained valuable lessons from the readings and instructional materials on Christology, Theology, and Soteriology. For instance, the reading by McGrath on Christian Theology was among the most influential and introduced me to certain unique beliefs and practices. Consequently, I identified important ideas from the readings and instructional materials that thought were most interesting, most controversial, and with which I resonated most strongly. The readings and instructional materials derived from chapters 3, 4, and 5 provide confidence in the study of Christian philosophies.   

Specifically, I found McGrath’s perceptions concerning religion and Christianity interesting, relevant, and convincing. While I occasionally struggled to explain and understand certain Biblical exegesis and related principles, the readings on Christology, Theology, and Soteriology revitalized my thinking processes. I relate with McGrath’s readings and the rational analysis and argument regarding systematic theologies. Specifically, McGrath’s discussion surrounding various Christian perspectives and divine providence transformed my perceptions concerning other religions. The instructional materials on theology and soteriology explain different important attributes and works of God that are crucial in the life of contemporary Christians.

From McGrath’s numerous podcasts and videos, I also better understood the Christian principles and concepts of life and love. Subsequently, I anticipate living an obedient life that resembles the work of the Holy Spirit based on the person of Christ. Before our group discussion forums, most of my ideas about Christianity were monotheistic. Specifically, I believed in the existence of a single deity (one God) whose authority was absolute and divine. I believe that McGrath provides detailed and accurate arguments concerning how individuals should treat contrary perceptions within the Christian faith and reconcile them with older beliefs, such as mine regarding monotheism.

Furthermore, I found McGrath’s arguments on the doctrine of God as well as the person behind the concept of Christ interesting. The arguments solidified my innate beliefs in the doctrine of God, the person of Christ, and the salvation in Christ. In essence, McGrath’s awe-inspiring understanding of the scriptures was central in enhancing my understanding of fundamental principles of Christology and Soteriology (salvation). I admire the possibility that salvation offers for the restoration of faith in Christianity. While attaining the stipulated level of righteousness described under Soteriology is a challenging experience, I believe that the satisfaction derived from seeking atonement is necessary.  

The basic Christian teachings, theological developments and debates, and Soteriology, described by McGrath in his book and podcasts, provide a divine understanding of human nature and the concept of God. I resonate with McGrath’s arguments about the implications of the metaphysical and religious principles of the faith in its devotees. Furthermore, I find the numerous cognitive components of religion demonstrating the imaginative assumptions existing between nature, irrational elements of human life, and their link to God extremely exciting and attention grabbing. Essentially, McGrath made me acknowledge the existence of dissent and the progressive role of the formative period of Christianity. The diverse opinions from the book, podcasts, and videos reconciled and harmonized my conflicting views concerning the Christian faith. However, I believe that McGrath failed to explain some of the irreconcilable and controversial disagreements that exist between the nature of humans, the revelation of Christ, and the concept of Christianity.     

Interactive Questions

Can an increased understanding of Christ influence your faith and belief in other religious doctrines?Do you believe in the concept of salvation derived from the concept of Christ?

Sample History Essay Paper on China in World History computer science essay help

            Over the past decades, China has increasingly amassed significant social, political, economic, and diplomatic on the world stage. China’s growing dominance has made the country an important player when it comes to discussing the global narrative, especially in the Western and Eastern worlds. Economically, has grown into a leading powerhouse due to its highly skilled and cheap labor force, advanced technologies, and large market for goods and services. China has challenged the dominance of the United States as the world’s leading economy (Ferchen 3 – 7). Hundreds of multinational corporations founded in the West and East including Samsung, Google, Apple, and Microsoft rely on China’s labor force. To underscore the country’s importance in shaping the global narrative, the recent trade wars between China and the U.S. due to the ever-growing trade deficit caused ripple effects that have been felt in other countries in Europe and the Americas. The tariffs issued by both countries have affected companies and industries far beyond the borders of the two countries (Holland, Ben and Sam n.pag).

            Diplomatically and politically, China has continued to direct the global narrative by shaping international, regional and national policies in the West and East. China’s relationship with and policies towards Russia and the Koreas has influenced military and international diplomatic relations in the region and in the West. The presence of U.S. military bases in South Korea and other countries in the East is partly driven by the perceived security threat by countries such as North Korea which have been backed by China (Ferchen 8 – 10). China is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Its veto powers make China one of the most influential countries in world, capable of determining the direction of important issues such as nuclear weapons.

Works Cited

Ferchen, Matt. China, economic development, and global security: Bridging the gaps. Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, 2016. 

Holland, Ben and Sam, Cedric. A 600 billion bill: Counting the global cost of the U.S.-China trade war. Bloomberg, 28 May 2019.

Sample Management Research Paper on Constructing Code of Ethics: An Experiential Case of a National Professional Organization english essay help: english essay help

The development of codes of ethics in America’s corporate sector is reactive: mostly established after gross misconduct, with the sole aim of constraining employee behavior. For instance, the 70s wave of global bribery scandals saw a sustained period of code development, which subsided after the 1977 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (Messicomer and Cirka 57). However, the subsequent rise of scandals in the financial industry saw another round of accelerated code of ethics developed in the corporate world. Even so, corporate misconducts have become prevalent, challenging the effectiveness of the code of ethics. Messikomer and Cirka argue that the development process influences the effectiveness of the code of ethics (56). The duo examines the construction process of the National Association of Senior Move Managers (NASMM) code of ethics, which they posit is a significant model for organizations looking to grow ethically. Their work highlights the importance of group consensus and the identification of core organizational values in the development of a code of ethics. 

NASMM leaders embarked of the journey of code development only a year after the company’s inception. The process adhered to Newton’s (1994) principles of participation, validity, and authenticity.  Newton contends that the “real value of the code does not lie in the finished product but in the process in which it all came to be.” (Newton and Ford 87)The leaders strived to build “…a set of fundamental, strategically sound beliefs” that would influence the industry’s ethical stance (Messikomer and Cirka 57). The first principle of participation features three phases: an examination of conscience, the discovery of community consensus, and collective decisions regarding the perceptions of the final code (Newton 86). The entire membership of NASMM was involved in the development process, including pre-conference planning and code design and drafting, which took two years.

The validity principle requires the finished product and the content to be value-based and align with ethical principles. Significant issues like a race of employees should be addressed in the content. The authenticity of code is manifested in the accurate definition of the organization, differentiating it from competitors. In 2003, NASMM recruited authors to train individuals on ethics during the first annual conference. Leaders sought to identify the company’s core values and principles that would guide the development process. The explored factors include the organization’s history, its vision, and mission, membership details, a summary of board activities, a sample of ethical issues in the industry, and expected outcomes. 

Exercises performed during the conferences were categorized into three clusters: key values identified by small groups; key values identified by at least one sub-group; and the key values identified through literature review (Messikomer and Cirka 61). Groups were then assigned ten values each and asked to write one or two-sentence statement of principle regarding the core value. The statements articulated the guidelines for behavior and summarized an ethical dilemma of the core value. The SHRM Tool Kit (SHRM, 2001) was utilized in this process. Statements contained basic truth, motivating force, and the rationale underlying the principle. Experiential examples of ethical issues facing managers were also included.Furthermore, the team analyzed samples of the code of ethics of other organizations for further evaluations on content and form. The comparison process revealed the codes vary in the scope and depth of the addressed behaviors, the invoked values, and the number and type of principles described. The team also discovered that no code is perfect.

After the second conference, the team constructed the draft code on the foundation of the principles, values, and guidelines for the identified behaviors. Finally, NASMM’s founders launched the code development process that formulated a value-based code of ethics and embedded ethical behavior in everyday activities (Messikomer and Cirka 65). Ongoing self-evaluation was incorporated into the ethics program to reinforce NASMM’s values. The process features reports and reviews of ethical discussions, transgressions, and challenges, as well as their management. Additionally, the evaluation process captures and disseminates ethical learning and socialization practices as well as ongoing training to assess and enhance the knowledge of the code. The organization’s leadership continues to demonstrate an undying devotion to ethics as a guiding principle in the company. However, the company has rapidly expanded since the development of the code, challenging its enforcement. In response, leaders partner with various individuals and institutions in establishing research strategies to evaluate the use and effectiveness of NASMM’s code of ethics.

NASMM’s code of ethics was developed based on Newton’s three principles of the development of a code of ethics to ensure its effectiveness. Participation is manifested in the inclusion of the entire NASMM team in all processes, while the feature of validity is reflected in the values that are consistent with ethical principles. The code, adhering to the authenticity principle, set the company apart from its competitor. This explains why, presently, NASMM stands out in decent performance. Clarifying the core values of the company is crucial in the code development process. NASMM’s success reveals that the process of code development greatly influences its effectiveness. There is, therefore, need for a proactive approach to the process to ensure that the policy delivers the expected results.

Works Cited

Messikomer, Carla, Masciocchi and Cirka, Carol, Cabrey. “Constructing Code of Ethics: An Experiential Case of a National Professional Organization.” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 95, pp.55-71. 2010. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-009-0347-y. 6 July 2015.

Newton, Lisa, H. and Maureen, Ford, M. “The Many Faces of the Corporate Code.” Taking Sides: Clashing View on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society. Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 1994. Https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=CuAO_6hZOjMC&q=taking+sides:+clashing+views+on+controversial+issues+in+business+ethics+and+society&dq=taking+sides:+clashing+views+on+controversial+issues+in+business+ethics+and+society&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4jN74vaDjAhWTfMAKHSj_BisQ6AEIMzAD. 6 July 2019.

Sample History Paper on Amistad Affair essay help tips

Slavery can be termed as the multi-faceted and multidimensional dehumanization of a human being. Slavery, as practiced in the current dispensation, is fueled by multiple factors. Players in slavery include the slave hunters, merchants, masters, and those who benefit from the proceeds of slavery such as the industries receiving raw materials from slave labor. These individuals abate the trade. There should be a concerted effort, especially towards forestalling and preventing the proliferation of such trade, to eradicate the vice from society. It is imperative to interrogate reverse-chain mechanisms, which would eliminate the demand for products of slave labor to eliminate the necessity of the trade.

Currently, government and society have done little towards the elimination of slavery. The current policies on anti-slavery and societal inclination are indicative of machinations of self-righteousness and wish-away inaction (Jurmain 116)- if it does not affect us then it is not our problem. When faced with distress, human beings exhibit animal-like tendencies of over aggression and savagery (Jones 925). As such, the Mendes on board the Amistad justifiably wreaked havoc and even slayed the captain and crew (Cable 31) when faced with the threat of slavery. The anti-slavery campaign by our government should embellish similar savagery against perpetrators of slavery. For starters, the US and English navies should patrol the Atlantic Ocean waters to prevent the transportation of slaves from Africa to the target markets in the Americas and the Caribbean. Policy should be amended to sentence perpetrators of slave trade to the maximum death sentence should they be found guilty of the practice. Additionally, the Americas populace should be sensitized on the higher levels of productivity of mechanization and free labor compared to coerced and/or slave labor. Only through such concerted efforts from society and government can slavery be eliminated from society.

Works Cited

Cable, Mary. Black Odessey: The Case of the Slave Ship Amistad. Viking Press, 1971.

Jones , Howard. “Cinqu’e of the Amstad a slave trader? Perpetuating a myth.” Journal of         American History (2000): 923-939.

Jurmain, Suzanne. Freedom’s Sons: The true Story of thr Amistad Mutiny. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1998.

Library of Congress . Survivors of Amistad Mutiny Released. United States Copyright        Office. <www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/march-09/>.

Sample Business Studies Research Paper on Leadership Relations english essay help online: english essay help online

Leadership Relations

All leaders face challenges relating to subordinates, superiors, and co-workers. Thus, it is essential that they work towards effective communication and diplomacy when seeking to foster positive work relations. The success of these relationships must be carefully guided to reinforce a cohesive organizational direction and ensure that they do not interfere with organizational or business decisions. There are many strategies that a leader could utilize in order to enhance their relationships with superiors, co-workers, and subordinates. Some of the strategies including building an alliance, recognizing common goals, and taking time to emphasize or focus on others’ problems.

One of the strategies for effective leadership is the ability to build strong alliances with others. Building strong alliances often lead to collaborative teamwork thus making work and communication flow easier within a given organizational structure. Recognizing common goals is also a key strategy for effective leadership. Common goals not only develop creativity and innovation within an organization or business but also bring superiors and followers together and encourage them to communicate various problems and results. Thus, it allows for easier and faster recognition of diverse problems in given project development (Carmeli, Brueller & Dutton, 2009). Another strategy for effective leadership is taking time to emphasize and focus on others’ problems. It is essential for an effective leader to encourage and engage fellow superiors, co-workers, and subordinates in an open discussion for them to air out various challenges they encounter. Through open discussions, the leader can offer appropriate solutions to existing problems (Fullan, Cuttress, & Kilcher, 2005).

Overall, it is important to develop and maintain strong relationships within all levels of the organization, as it leads to mental peace and positive ambiance at the workplace. People tend to enjoy working within an organization given that they trust others who are around them. This encourages people from diverse backgrounds to come together and share varied expertise as well as ideas on a common platform thus enhancing an organization’s productivity.

References

Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning Behaviours in The Workplace: The Role of High‐Quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science: The Official Journal of the International Federation for Systems Research, 26(1), 81-98. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sres.932

Fullan, M., Cuttress, C., & Kilcher, A. (2005). Eight Forces for Leaders of Change. Journal of Staff Development, 26(4), 54. Retrieved from https://www.luc.edu/media/lucedu/cpell/scholarprojects/CIEP_474_Reading_Response_1_030911_CLovering.pdf

Sample Business Studies Essay Paper on Utilitarianism versus Libertarianism global history essay help: global history essay help

Utilitarianism versus Libertarianism

Who benefits in the Kane/Toews example?

 The Chicago Blackhawks fraternity is the major benefactor of the $5 donations made by the fans. Though the elite players are entitled to these additional perks under the precincts of Nozick’s principle of justice in acquisition, they do not necessarily need them. The tenets of holding based on need are usurped by the willful and non-coerced holding conferred upon the two elite players. To maintain the economic and social balance pre-existent in the team, as enshrined in the principles of utilitarianism (Mill, 2016), sharing the perks among the team members is appropriate. Rewarding of a single player in the team undermines the team spirit while sharing of the donations to the team guarantees their proper utilization.

Libertarianism, on the other hand, dictates that those un-coerced donations made towards the two players should be given to only the player(s) unless the holding of such properties is willfully transferred to a third party. Justice is only served by rewarding the individual’s to who the right holding was transferred (Nozick, 1974). The fans’ voluntary transfer of their resources in perks to the elite players meets the threshold of justice. Denying the donator and the rightful receiver of their liberty of transfer and hold respectively undermines the principles of justice. Such practice of justified individualistic hold is upheld in line with the spirit of capitalism and entitlement (Nozick, 1974).

What about morals and ethics under each view?

The need and utility of resources are the basis for acquisition and distribution of wealth. Both players do not need these perks, as their contractual pay is way higher than these appreciatory perks. It is, therefore, morally ethical that the proceeds from such acts of philanthropy are shared on a needs be basis among the team players and other less appreciated members of the team (Mill, 2016). Under such dictates each stand-alone player’s impact cannot be felt unless backed up by the team. Therefore, the team input and effort is appreciated and not that of selected individuals within the team. Libertarianism confers entitlement to those players to whom donations are made. Their right of ownership of such gifts is transferred from the un-coerced donor to the receiver of such donations. Therefore, in upholding the principle of justice, the receiver is morally and ethically poised to have entitlement to such gifts (Nozick, 1974).

References

Mill, J. S. (2016). Utilitarianism. In S. M. Cahn, Seven Masterpieces of Philosphy (pp. 337-     383). London.

Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.

Sample Marketing Case Studies Paper on Marvel Enterprises college admission essay help houston tx

Question 1

            The best strategic process for Marvel Enterprises to pursue involves popularizing its lesser-known characters. While continually developing its most popular characters, especially Spiderman, has been advantageous to Marvel, it is imperative that the company reinvents its universe by developing its lesser-known characters. For this strategy to be successful, the company would need to use seasoned writers to ensure that character development is done right. In the event that movies based on these characters are made, Marvel Enterprises would also need to ensure that direction and production is up to standard. Failure to do so would negatively impact on the popularity of the character. This was observed with the Green Lantern experiment, which had enjoyed a successful run in the comics but failed in the movie adoption, partly due to poor direction.

Question 2

            According to Jonathan Karron (3), Marvel’s turnaround strategy was successful largely due to the monetization of Marvel’s content library by licensing its characters for use with consumer products and media products; managing the library of characters to foster long-term value; and retention of control over the creative process by Marvel in order to uphold the quality of content that featured Marvel characters. Thanks to this strategic process, it was possible for Marvel to build the popularity of its characters in an American society that was already familiar to the Marvel universe. Licensing was particularly useful to this turnaround strategy as it made it possible for the company to market its characters through the different platforms at the company’s disposal. The success from this turnaround is sustainable because it involves minimal risk and is responsible for bringing the company massive financial gains.

Question 3

            Comic books are important to the Marvel Universe’s history since they were the original platform through which the Marvel characters were introduced. Thus, although profits from this platform are modest today, they occupy an important place in the history of the company. Unlike comic books, toys are an important source of profitability for Marvel today. In fact, toy-related activities are an important determinant of Marvel’s net sales (Karron 7). As Karon (7) further observes, the toy division is an important customer acquisition tool. This is because young boys who grow up playing with Hulk Hands may end up being fans of other Marvel’s products. Finally, licensing is equally important to the company’s profit-making model. This platform is advantageous to Marvel Entertainment due to low overhead costs, high revenues, and strong growth.

Question 4

            It is indisputable that Marvel’s success has been largely dependent on select characters, particularly Spider-Man. The sustainable performance of the movies and toys linked to this character has led Marvel to rely on the seemingly safe strategy of marketing Spider-Man products aggressively. Nonetheless, as has been evident in the past decade, the Marvel Universe has expanded strategically and with considerable success as well. This has been made possible by the introduction of the Avengers movie franchise, through which a range of other Marvel characters have been introduced. As such, licensing has been useful in promoting the popularity of Marvel’s lesser-known characters. It is important that the company continually develops these characters, not only through licensing but also by expanding the range of toys associated with the Marvel Universe.

Work cited

Karron, Jonathan. Marvel Enterprises, Inc. Harvard Business School. September 10, 2010.

Sample Management Argumentative Essay on The Effects of Cellphones and Social Media on Teens and Young Adults essay help: essay help

Communication is increasingly hanging around the world. When it comes to interactions with others, many people today prefer nonverbal to verbal communication. Arguably, cellphones and social media are of significance to the teens and young adults as it largely helps them to make connections that they could not be able to make before with others. However, research shows that cellphones and social media have negative impacts on teens and young adults some of which are explored in this paper.

One of the major issues or effects of the use of cellphone and social media on teens and young adults revolves around cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying is the use of any form of technology to intimidate the receiver of a given message.  More than half the population of U.S. teens and young adults have encountered cyber-bullying at some point in life (O’Keeffe, Schurgin, and Clarke-Pearson 801). A percentage of between 10 and 20 of the teen and young adult population is believed to experience cyber-bullying on a regular basis. This form of bullying has become rampant and popular within the United States as many people tend to stay behind the screens and intimidate others. This is attributed to the fact that many teens and young adults are not brave enough to say hurtful things to others face-to-face. One of the major problems with cyberbullying is that it pushes people over their limit. As such, many victims end up committing suicide when they encounter such a situation. It is believed that 4,400 teens and young adult suicide cases related to cyber-bullying are registered on an annual basis (O’Keeffe, Schurgin, and Clarke-Pearson 802).

Another effect of the use of cellphones and social media on teens and young adults is the lack of verbal communication skills. Verbal communication proves to be the most important aspect of everyone’s life, particularly when it comes to increasing a person’s social skills. Today’s teen and young adult population in the U.S. is unable to verbally communicate as they do not get enough practice when it comes to relating with other people. The population also does not get their needs met in person and in real time. Thus, today’s teens and young adults grow into adults who are usually anxious about the essential aspect of verbal communication. This is a major concern to a good number of U.S. parents and guardians. A solution to this problem requires commitment to educating teens and young on the importance of putting away their phones while around other people. Putting away the phones is not only a way of showing respect to others but it also helps teens and young adults to make strong connections with others. This is an aspect they would not be able to realize through the increased use of cellphones and social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and others (Strasburger, Victor, Jordan, and Donnerstein 538).

The use of cellphones and social media also has a significant impact on the self-esteem of teens and young adults. For instance, when teens and young adults receive birthday messages, and notifications from Facebook, Twitter, parents, and friends, they feel loved and appreciated thus resulting in high self-esteem. However, when they do not receive such messages from parents or their friends on social media platforms, they feel unappreciated and less important. As a result, their self-esteem is lowered. Experiencing such situations on a day-to-day basis has the likelihood of making teens and young adults to wonder why such things happen to them and their self-esteem is adversely impacted in the process. Low self-esteem has a close correlation with some of the adverse health problems suffered by a significant percentage of U.S. teens and young adults (Strasburger, Victor, Jordan, and Donnerstein 543). In this regard, the regular use of cellphones and social media affects teens and young adults as they are usually prone to anxiety, depression, and mental disorders in worst cases. The overuse of cellphones and social media tends to make the teen and young adult population susceptive to diverse future health problems. To solve this problem, teens and young adults need to learn to limit cellphone use and learn to stay off social media as long as they can. This can be achieved through engaging in important life activities thus reducing or preventing the terrible experiences that may have an adverse effect on their general health (Strasburger, Victor, Jordan, and Donnerstein 545).

In sum, the use of cell-phones and social media has direct and indirect effects on teens and young adults. Almost half of the young population in countries such as the U.S. are cyber-bullied and end up committing suicide. Also, the use of these forms of technology limit the teen and young adult population from acquiring verbal communication skills as many prefer being behind the screens rather than having face-to-face discussions. Moreover, the overuse of cellphones and social media has significantly lowered the self-esteem of teens and young adults further adversely affecting their general health conditions.

Works Cited

O’Keeffe, Gwenn Schurgin, and Kathleen Clarke-Pearson. “The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families.” Pediatrics 127.4 (2011): 800-804., https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20110329/asocfile/20110329173752/reporte_facebook.PDF

Strasburger, Victor C., Amy B. Jordan, and Ed Donnerstein. “Children, Adolescents, and the Media: Health Effects.” Pediatric Clinics 59.3 (2012): 533-587., http://adolescenciasema.org/usuario/documentos/HealthEffectsofMediaPCNA2012.pdf

Sample Nursing Paper on Specialty Practice in Public Health Nursing essay help site:edu

Introduction                                

The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) is a professional body which gives license to nurses. There major roles and responsibilities are to define the scope of training and set standards for occupation and environmental health practices. AAOHNs mandate is to promote the health and safety of work and workplace communities, among other duties. Some of the competency methods used during AAOHN phase-out include; (Goto 59) self-growth competency, OH nursing essence perpetuation, strategic planning, and duty fulfillment, coordination, client growth support, team empowerment, and creative competency. By using this competency’s, a structured diagram is classified, to break down this competency phase out.

The responsibility of Occupational and Environmental Nurses (OHNs) include; case management; OHNs regularly interrelate and manage the care of the ill and injured workers. Their roles as case managers have become more elegant with the coordination and management of work-related and non-work-related injuries and illnesses. The second role of OHNs is the Counseling and crisis intervention; Besides counseling workers about work-related illnesses and injuries, OHNs often counsel issues such as substance abuse, psychosocial needs, wellness/health promotion concerns, and other health or work-related concerns. OHNs is also involved in Health promotion and risk reduction: OHNs design programs that support positive lifestyle changes and individual efforts to lower risks of disease and injury and the creation of an environment that provides a sense of balance among work, family, personal, health, and psychosocial concerns.

A good occupational health surveillance program remains crucial in that its main agenda in the medical surveillance program, it ensures that workers are healthy and make sure that employers meet OSHA standards in health and safety. It is essential for nurses to continue reviewing relevant epidemiologic studies because it can contribute to a general improvement in health and health care services. Through a better understanding of disease etiology, use of health care services and the role of different health care interventions.

                                    Work cited   

Goto Yuki. “Specialty Practice in Public Health Nursing “Competencies required for occupational Health Nurses . Comparative Study. 2017, Nov 25. https://read.qxmd.com/read/28993570/competencies-required-for-occupational-health-nurses

20 Jun 2019

Sample Business Studies Essay Paper on Licensure Ethics medical school essay help

            Licenses are required for many occupations in the United States in order to improve the quality of services offered to people. The justification given is that it ensures the holders of the license are skilled enough to practice their trade and further prevents rogue elements from exploiting the people in need of specific services. However, some licensure bodies have used licensure as a tool to limit the number of professionals in particular fields. They have so much influence that they even determine the number of people that will join the profession using the training institutions. The misuse of licensure to limit opportunities goes against the free enterprise and unfettered opportunities that are provided for in capitalism. The ethical approach used in this essay is utilitarianism.  

Merits of Occupational Licensure

            Occupational licensure mostly benefits the services providers who are already licensed. The licensed individuals have lower unemployment rates, higher wages, and a higher likelihood of having pension or retirement plans. The number of occupations that require licensure have increased significantly in the last two decades (Thornton, Timmons, and DeAntonio 47). The implication of the number of occupations requiring licensure is that individuals are required to apply for licenses to continue in the same occupations while fresh graduates are required to get a license before they begin their career.

Occupational licensure requires the members to continue improving their knowledge of the career, leading to better quality services in the long run. Occupational licensure gives the consumers confidence regarding the services they are receiving from certified individuals. This is the case with AMA, the licensure body of physicians in the United States. People are aware of the stringent requirements for the profession taken by AMA. Therefore, they intuitively know that the doctors attending to them in hospitals are competent. The licensure bodies push the members to keep themselves updated with the latest technologies in their fields. The labor suppliers are held to high standards by the licensure boards. The boards also provide a form of redress against malpractices for the consumers who have been harmed.

Demerits of Occupational Licensure

            Occupation licensure has the drawback of restricting labor supply in certain professions. This is especially so in the medical field. Shortage of physicians in the country is caused by the stringent requirements of the AMA. The licensure agency blocks certain number of applicants from attaining the license. This happens despite there being a shortage in the profession. The AMA does that with the intention of helping the special interest group by raising their wages. The limited labor supply has the effect of harming the general population. Shortage of physicians causes longer wait times and they are overworked (Thornton, Timmons, and DeAntonio 50). The medical prices go up, as do health insurance products. The limiting of the number of licensed labor suppliers has the effect of monopolizing an industry, called the “closed shop effect.” The licensure body inevitably becomes a monopoly because all professionals have to go through it for certification. This monopoly goes against the principles of capitalism.

Need for Occupational Licensure

            Occupational licensure is important, but the powers wielded by the licensure bodies should be checked to ensure that there is adequate labor and the market and the prices of the services reflect the economic and market realities. The fields that are in most need of licensure are the ones dealing with health and safety of the population (Thornton, Timmons, and DeAntonio 50). If the services offered by an individual has the potential of impacting the health or safety of the consumer in a negative manner, then they need to be licensed to ensure that they are qualified enough to carry out that task. The fields that need to be licensed include the medicine, housing sector, commuter transport, food manufacturers, drug manufacturers, among others. Some services such as cosmetics, interior design, law and entertainment do not require licensure because they do not impact the health or safety of the population. The competence and quality of services offered by the professionals in the latter industries should be used to gauge their effectiveness as opposed to their licensure.

Occupational Licensure in Capitalism

            Capitalism places emphasis on the need for the market forces to control and determine the price of services and products in the market. However, occupational licensure has the effect of creating barriers of entry by professionals who have a low-income background. Further, the limiting of labor in certain professional fields results in the creation of a monopoly in the sector. The monopoly created is not in line with the principles of capitalism. The licensure bodies also tend to keep important information regarding the industry from the public domain. This has been proven to be the case for AMA, which is the licensure body for physicians in the US (Friedman). Denying consumers from accessing information that would be beneficial to them in making purchase decisions is an infringement on the ideals of a free market. The institution of licensure boards is to ensure the quality of services offered to consumers is acceptable and to weed out uncertified individuals who might want to exploit the needs of the consumers. Beyond the mandate of quality control and protection of consumers, occupational licensure should not institute any other limitations. The limitation on the number of licensed professionals by various licensure agencies restricts the freedom of individuals to pursue certain careers or trades.

            While licensure ensures the safety and health of the consumers, it does not necessarily make the market more efficient. The artificial shortage of labor created by the licensure bodies of certain professions creates a “closed shop effect” leading to market inefficiency. The consumers should be provided with all the information they need to make decisions whether to buy particular services or products. However, the provision of information should not replace licensure. Many professionals, in the absence of licensure, are likely to offer substandard services knowing they will not be answerable to the authorities. Even qualified professionals are likely to get involved in malpractices to increase profits if they are not held accountable.

            The sentiments made by Friedman and company regarding the role of the AMA in medicine profession are accurate. AMA is responsible for the restrictions on the free market in medicine. It has done so by limiting the number of physicians trained and licensed every year. These actions of the agency have gone beyond the mandate of protecting the health and safety of the consumers. Licensure is not an all-or-nothing issue. Licensure is a part of the checks and balances that should be provided for the free market to assure the consumers of the quality of the services and products purchased. Licensure also plays the important role of putting way malicious service providers by demanding requirements that malicious traders cannot fulfill. One way remedying the constraints caused by licensure is to significantly increase the number of professionals licensed and having requirements that are achievable by most of the individuals interested in such professions.

Work Cited

Friedman, Milton. Licensure And Laissez Faire. Print.

Thornton, Robert, Edward Timmons, and Dante DeAntonio. “Licensure Or License? *: Prospects for Occupational Deregulation 1.” Labor law journal 68.1 (2017): 46-57. ProQuest. Web. 29 June 2019.

Sample Psychology Essay Paper on Violence Against Women cheap essay help: cheap essay help

            Violence against women is any kind of gender-based abuse whose outcome leads to physical or mental harm to women. Women for a long time have been facing violence from their opposite gender. Despite every woman having a right to live safely and free from any form of violence women are still abused by men. Women violence includes domestic violence, sexual assault, verbal abuse, coercion, and stalking, as well as emotional abuse. Due to women’s violence and abuse, women’s wellbeing is affected both physically and emotionally and this makes women live unhappily. Intimate partner violence is the most common form of abuse toward women. According to World Health Organization (2017), thirty percent of women all over the world who have been in an intimate relationships have reported that they have undergone physical assault, as well as sexual violence, from their intimate partners.

            Apart from intimate partner violence women are also sexually abused. Sexual violence is any kind of sexual attempt, act, or other act directed to a woman using force. Many women are victims of rape with some being raped when they were very young. Gender inequality and customs are the main causes of violence against women, many societies give the male gender more powers than the women and this makes the men take advantage of the women hence harming them physically, emotionally or both. To end violence against women then gender inequality needs to be ended, as long as the society keeps on valuing the masculine gender then women will continue to suffer. Ensuring gender equality will make men respect women and treat them well hence end violence against women. Additionally, proper rules and regulations protecting women should be made and their adherence ensured, this will help minimize women violence. Furthermore, proper actions should be taken towards any person caught or reported of abusing a woman. Lastly, women should report any case of violence towards them if they want to be helped.

                                                                     References

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Violence Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women

Sample Business Studies Research Paper on Ethical Leadership essay help 123

Ethical Leadership

Importance of Ethical Culture in Business

An ethical advertising decision where the organization truthfully and honestly portrays what it sells helps to build customer trust and market share. Business confidentiality enables customers to be sure that their private information would not be accessible to unauthorized personnel. It also creates credibility to society and gives the business a competitive advantage over other firms (Lawton et al., 2015). Therefore, companies that engage in unethical practices, for instance, failure to disclose their intended practices suffers loss of customer trust, targeted market, and loss of revenues.

Unethical Leadership on Organizational Bottom Line

There are several ways through which unethical leadership adversely affects an organization. First, managing employee, customers, and community with disrespect and inequality lower employees’ performance and attitude. Secondly, it interferes with productivity, resulting in employee high turnover rates, low working morale, and low-quality business output (Kavathatzopoulos et al., 2017). Additionally, dishonest communication, both internally and externally, creates an unconducive work environment, workplace conflicts, and poor performance. Lastly, unethical leadership breaches several legal provisions that protects the rights of employees, thereby increasing the legal risk to a business and financial losses through legal costs and settlement of damages (Kavathatzopoulos et al., 2017)

Ethics and Organizational Culture

Ethical leaders are a role model to other employees and motivate their employees in making the right decisions to achieve organizational success. Notably, organization leaders are the custodians of organization culture. Hence they play a significant role in establishing a conducive work environment (Pearson et al., 2017). They also represent the critical role of ensuring employees adhere to the business policies and culture and employees compliance.

Additionally, they engage employees through continuous education and training them on the importance of complying with ethical standards, for instance, treating employees and stakeholders with respect and honesty influences the excellent relationship in the workplace, promoting teamwork, and reduce conflicts among workers (Pearson et al., 2017). They also formulate reward policies for employees who observe the business culture and reprimand those who violate organizational regulations, for example, by instituting disciplinary measure (Pearson et al., 2017).  

References

Kavathatzopoulos, I. (2017). Ethical leadership in business: The significance of Information and Communication Technology. In Keynote speech at Japan Society for Information and Management 75th Annual Conference (pp. 1-4). Japan Society for Information and Management.

Lawton, A., & Páez, I. (2015). Developing a framework for ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(3), 639-649.

Pearson, R. (2017). Business ethics as communication ethics: Public relations practice and the idea of dialogue. In Public relations theory (pp. 111-131). Routledge.

Sample Healthcare Paper on The Dark Side of Quality college essay help service: college essay help service

What is the one thought that stands out in your mind after reading this article?

After reading the article, I believe that the high rates of patient readmissions that the U.S. health system records every month are because the system focuses on financial gain rather than provision of high-quality health services to patients. In a world where the evolution of technology is at the peak, medical science is also seeing innumerable advances (Burstin et al. 155). However, when it comes to addressing patient needs, ensuring patient safety, the efficiency of the system, and quality improvement, the U.S. healthcare system performs poorly (Tumialán 158). The U.S. often records high rates of patient readmissions due to poor health outcomes, which are attributed to the delivery of low-quality healthcare services. According to Veteran Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program, at least 57 percent of patients are readmitted in various health settings throughout the country within 30 days upon discharge (Sibert). It is argued that these patient readmissions are often as a result of surgical site infections. Surgical site infections are experienced because the health system largely focuses on financial benefits rather than providing better quality health services to patients.

What are your thoughts about efforts to define quality and improve patient care by measurements?

I am of the opinion that the quality of patient care in the current U.S. health system is measured based on the short-term health outcomes that a patient exhibits before discharge rather than the long-term outcomes. The article argues that many health settings in the U.S. hardly perform a follow-up on the health status of their clients upon discharge (Sibert). The article further asserts that the current U.S. health system is tainted by financial conflict of interest. This implies that the system is focused on financial benefits rather than providing quality health services to patients to help improve their health conditions.

What can we do to improve patient care in a meaningful way?

Quality improvement in healthcare can be done by prioritizing patients’ needs and expectations such as patient safety and patient-engagement in the delivery of care. Through this approach, health settings might help reduce the high rate of patient-readmissions that the current health system records every month (Noritz et al. 3). The country’s health system should also adopt a pay-for-value system, whereby patients pay for the value of given health service rather than paying for a given health service.

Works Cited

Burstin, Helen, Sheila Leatherman, and Donald Goldmann. “The evolution of healthcare quality measurement in the United States.” Journal of internal medicine 279.2 (2016): 154-159, https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12471

Noritz, Garey, et al. ““Learn from every patient”: how a learning health system can improve patient care.” Pediatric Quality & Safety 3.5 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1097/pq9.0000000000000100

Sibert, Karen Sullivan. “The Dark Side of Quality.” A Penned Point, 9 June 2015, apennedpoint.com/the-dark-side-of-quality/

Tumialán, Luis M. “Healthcare Systems in the United States.” Quality Spine Care. Springer, Cham, 2019. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97990-8_10

Sample Business Studies Essay Paper on Porter’s Five Forces Model my assignment essay help london: my assignment essay help london

Porter’s Five Forces Model

Analyzing the competition is one of the best ways to identify threats to a business and figure out how to address them. Additionally, knowing the competition and how their plans or actions are likely to affect their own business is essential since, to a large extent, such knowledge determines the success of a business and future planning. One way for a business to evaluate competition is by using Porter’s Five Forces model. The approach emphasizes on five factors such as the intensity of rivalry among competitors, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, and the threat of substitute products which tend to determine a firm’s success.

The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors

It is harder for an organization to be significantly profitable in an extremely competitive environment compared to when the competition is weak. Rivalry is influenced by various factors. For example, it is majorly influenced by various industry characteristics, such as the number of firms that share a similar market. A corporation that operates in a market that has many big firms, must compete for the same resources and customers with the others (Dobbs, 2014).  Low switching costs also tend to intensify rivalries among competitors since when customers can freely switch from one product to another, firms struggle to retain their clients. Additionally, slow market growth increases competition among firms. In a slowly growing market, diverse firms can improve revenue in the expanding market to acquire a competitive edge over smaller firms, thus making it hard for smaller corporations to thrive.

The Threat of New Entrants

This force determines how easy or difficult it is for a business to acquire a competitive advantage in a market. The easier it is for an organization to enter a marketplace that has an intensive rivalry, the greater the risk of the firm’s market share being depleted. On the other hand, some market settings or factors such as lack of access to inputs may impede a start-up from penetrating the market (Porter, 2008). Therefore, prospective investors should consider these factors before setting up a business in a given market.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers

Supplier bargaining power regards how easily a supplier can influence the cost of inputs. The ease or difficulty of suppliers dictating the price of inputs depends on the number of suppliers in the market, the quality of their inputs, and how much switching from one supplier to another may cost a company. Thus, the fewer the number of suppliers, the more a firm will depend on them. As such, the supplier will likely hold enough power to drive up the input costs and push for a competitive advantage in the market. Conversely, the presence of many suppliers in the market implies low switching and input costs, which offers firms a conducive environment to increase its profits (Porter, 2008). As such, it is riskier to set up a business in a market with scarce suppliers than many.

Bargaining Power of Buyers

This force examines the ability of customers to drive products’ prices down.  It is characterized by the number of a firm’s customers, how important each is, and how much it would cost the enterprise to find new customers. Therefore, an organization should acquire a small and powerful customer base to charge higher prices to increase its profitability. On the contrary, a large customer base that has low purchasing power forces companies to produce a large number of low-cost goods, which are not of good quality. Such an approach is neither efficient nor very profitable.  

The Threat of Substitute Products

A business needs to produce products that have no close substitutes to increase its profitability to hold a competitive advantage over the competitors. When close substitutes are available, customers can forego a firm’s products for cheaper products (Bruijl, 2018). Consequently, the profits of the organization that loses customers to reduce.

A firm needs to understand Porter’s Five Forces and how they apply to the industry. Essentially, considering the five allows enterprises to adjust their corporate strategies and use their resources to generate higher earnings. The force can also inform enterprises’ decisions on whether to or not to enter a given market place. Besides, organizations can use the forces to determine whether to increase their capacity in a specific industry.

References

Bruijl, G. H. T. (2018). The Relevance of Porter’s Five Forces in Today’s Innovative and Changing Business Environment. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3192207

Dobbs, M. E. (2014). Guidelines for Applying Porter’s Five Forces Framework: A Set of Industry Analysis Templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. Retrieved from https://www.uniba.it/docenti/somma-ernesto/CR0620130059.pdf

Porter, M. E. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 25-40. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/download/32580687/HBR_on_Strategy.pdf#page=25

Sample Business Studies Essay Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in New Zealand essay help tips

Entrepreneurship, which entails the identification of opportunities and turning them into marketable products and services, is significant to the economy. With the troubling economy in which job opportunities are scarce, people are encouraged to venture into entrepreneurship. Furthermore, more people are quitting employment to embark on an entrepreneurial journey as an investment strategy or a lifestyle change while the retired individuals enter the field to stay active. There is a notable growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across all industries due to factors such as technological development, changing management practices, and deregulation. New Zealand is one of the countries experiencing the expansion of the SME sector. New Zealand’s SMEs, which are defined based on the number of employees, contribute significantly to the country’s economy.

In New Zealand, SMEs are defined as small businesses with 0-19 employees. According to the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (MBIE) in New Zealand, approximately 97% of all firms in the country are SMEs (3). The characteristics of SMEs in New Zealand include independent ownership, small market share, limited product range and locality, and limited lifespan. Additionally, owners independently raise the capital for their enterprises. SMEs in New Zealand can be further characterized by elements of knowledge, communication, and skills. Unlike large enterprises where knowledge is dispersed among top professionals, SMEs’ knowledge is concentrated: limited to the owner. Communication in small enterprises is often personal and informal while skills are general, contrary to large firms where communication is formal and skills are specific. Small businesses dominate some industries than others. For instance, agriculture/forestry/fishing and construction sectors have a high concentration of small businesses while government administration and electricity/gas/water sectors have the least number of SMEs (Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment 4). Another visible trend of SMEs in New Zealand is their regional distributions. Small enterprises are prevalent in Northland while Wellington has the least number.

The definition and concept of SMEs varies between countries. While New Zealand bases its description on the number of employees, some countries have different criteria. The terms used across countries include small businesses; small and medium enterprises; and micro, small, and medium enterprises. The variation in the characterization of SMEs is engendered by national laws, international laws, and institutions (Berisha and Pula 18). However, the European Union and other international organizations including United Nations, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization use the SME abbreviation. There are two approaches used to define SMEs across countries: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative approach is widely used by policy makers, scholars, statistical agencies, and international institutions. While the European Commission recommends the use of number of staff, the body also promotes financial criterion in order to define the performance of the enterprise as compared to its rivals (Berisha and Pula 18).The EU identifies SMEs by number of staff, annual turnover, and annual balance sheets while the World Bank uses total assets and annual sales besides number of employees. Assets and sales for EU and the World Bank are measured in pounds and dollars respectively.

Table 1. Definition of SMEs by EU standards

Source: (Berisha and Pula 19)

Table2. Definition of SMEs by World Bank Standards

Source: (Berisha and Pula 19)

Looking at the data for number of employees, the World Bank raises its threshold to 300 employees for medium enterprises while the EU’s is 250. For the financial criteria, the EU defines SMEs by annual turnover and balance sheet total while its counterpart identifies them by total assets and annual sales. The EU’s definition is the most implemented in SMEs studies. However, the definition has not been endorsed by the state governments and policymakers. The table below illustrates the definition of SMEs basing on the number of employees in Australia, Singapore, and USA.

Table 3.Definition of SMEs in Different Countries

CountryNo. of EmployeesAustralia0-199Singapore0-200USA0-249

The qualitative analysis of SMEs focuses on the nature of enterprises’ operation particularly personal principle and unity of leadership and capital (Berisha and Pula 22). Loecher (as cited in Berisha and Pula 22) describes the personal principle as a situation whereby the business owner performs the central functions including decision making and maintains direct contact with employees, suppliers, and customers. The owner views the company as a lifelong commitment. On the other hand, unity of leadership and capital means that the responsibilities of manager proprietor and manager-owner, as well as overall leadership including the assumption of liability risk is played by one person – the owner (Berisha and Pula 22).Other qualitative characteristics include the firm’s position in the market, the legal form, economic and legal autonomy, and organizational structure. The table below illustrates the qualitative indicators of SMEs relative to large enterprises.

Table 4. Qualitative Indicators of SMEs against Large Companies

Source: (Berisha and Pula 22)

The SMEs sector is significant due to its contribution to the New Zealand economy. The contribution of SMEs is measured by employment and GDP rates. Small businesses account for 31% of all employees in New Zealand, which translates to 580,680 individuals (Ministry of Economic Development 5). 10% of the SME workforce comprises of self-employed individuals while 12% constitutes firms with less than 5 employees. Lastly, firms with 6-19 employees account for 9.5% of the SME firms. However, 2011 data by the Ministry of Economic Development in New Zealand revealed plummeting trends in the rates of job creation among SMEs. There was a 32% reduction in the average quarterly net job creation for SMEs from 2008 to 2009. These negative trends seemed to reverberate among larger enterprises since the sector recorded a drop of 84.4% (Ministry of Economic Development 5). The drop was attributed to the experienced economic downturn. The majority of the self-employed people are European men aged 35-59 while Pacific Island and Maori categories of ethnicity have the lowest representation of self-employed people in New Zealand (Ministry of Economic Development). Furthermore, census data indicated that the two ethnic groups have the lowest number of employers.

SMEs also contribute significantly to New Zealand’s GDP. As of 2018, small businesses accounted for 28% of New Zealand’s GDP (Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment).SMEs accounted for 46.6% of all profits and 33.0% of total real sales. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, enterprises with less than five employees generated $12,132 profit per employee in 2011, the highest average real profits across all employee size groups in the country (8). Another approach towards the contribution of SMEs in New Zealand is the examination of the category of high-growth enterprises. High-growth firms are crucial because they produce the highest number of new jobs and economic growth. In 2011, SMEs accounted for 5% of high-growth enterprises in the country. Despite the low composition, the few represented firms contribute significantly to the GDP.

The Maori economy, which is a critical component to New Zealand’s economy, is another indicator of SMEs’economic contribution. Maori contributes to all sectors in the country including natural resources, the primary sector, and tourism besides SMEs. In 2015, Business Operations Survey reported 63% of innovation rate for Maori SMEs (Stats NZ). Looking at the statistics for employment activity from the same survey, Maori SMEs contributed to 5,620 filled jobs. Similarly, financial performance of Maori SMEs in 2015 was positive. The current ratio averaged 127%, which is a positive indication of the SMEs ability to pay off current liabilities (Stats NZ). The positive financial performance of the SMEs indicate the sector’s healthy status, hence the contribution to the New Zealand economy.

SMES, which are firms with less than 19 employees in New Zealand, constitute the majority of businesses in the country. While New Zealand defines SMEs basing on the number of employees, the criterion and concept varies across countries as influenced by national laws, international laws, and industries. The reference of SMEs includes terms such as small businesses, small and medium enterprises, and micro, small, and medium enterprises. However, the SME abbreviation has been widely used since it is endorsed by big organizations including the EU, the UN, and the World Bank. The SME sector is critical because it contributes greatly to New Zealand economy in terms of job creation and GDP. The Maori economy, which is an important component of the entire nation’s economy, is also greatly attributed to SMEs. Due to their economic benefits, it is important for both public and private bodies to support the growth of SMEs in New Zealand.

Works Cited

Berisha, Gentrit and Pula, Justina, Shiroka. “Defining Small and Medium Enterprises: A Critical Review”. Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law, and Social Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 17-28. March 2015. Retrieved fromhttp://iipccl.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Ajbals-17-28.pdf. 14 Aug. 2019.

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. “New Zealand’s Support for Small Businesses. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. May 2018. Retrieved from https://www.business.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Documents/Small-business-booklet.pdf. 14 Aug. 2019.

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. “Small and Medium Businesses in New Zealand”. Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment. 2016. Retrieved from https://www.mbie.govt.nz/assets/90fcb52f9f/small-business-development-group-2016-report.pdf. 14 Aug. 2019.

Ministry of Economic Development. “SMEs in New Zealand: Structure and Dynamics 2011”. Ministry of Economic Development. Pp. 1-29. Sep. 2011. Retrieved fromhttps://www.interest.co.nz/sites/default/files/SMEsinNZ.pdf. 14 Aug. 2019.

Stats NZ. “Tataurnga Umanga Maori 2016: Statistics of Maori Businesses”. Stats NZ. 29 June 2016. Retrieved fromhttp://archive.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/maori/tatauranga-umanga-2016/maori-smes.aspx. 14 Aug. 2019.

Sample Nursing Case Studies Paper on A Puerto Rican Woman with Comorbid Addiction college essay help service: college essay help service

A Puerto Rican Woman with Comorbid Addiction

In many cases, individuals with substance use addiction are at a high risk of experiencing co-occurring mental conditions, for example, mood disorders. Mental disorders are commonly comorbid in substance and alcohol use. Drug addiction is regarded to be a mental condition as it can alter brain functioning, leading to uncontrollable behavior that can compromise people’s ability to control their impulses. The current case study is about Perez, a Puerto Rican woman aged 53 years. She has comorbid addictions of alcoholism and gambling, which have made her life difficult. The patient’s efforts to seek treatment have been derailed by the fact that she stays close to a gambling club and can access alcohol at all times. Gambling has caused problems in her marriage and has made her borrow much money from the retirement account. She also enjoys smoking cigarettes and would like to stop it. Perez shows signs of depression, as well as a sad and lethargic demeanor. In this paper, I will present three decisions made regarding the drugs to prescribe to the patient. The factors that might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes were considered.

Decision #1

The first decision was offering medication on the basis of the comorbid mood disorder the patient experienced besides alcohol use and gambling problem. Since the patient often has a sad mood that occurs after smoking, drinking, and gambling, she was diagnosed with alcohol use and gambling condition that is accompanied by an unstable mood. I selected this decision since many psychiatric problems are linked to a high risk of drug abuse. However, severe symptoms of mood variations emerge after taking alcohol. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect neurotransmitters located in the brain, which play a part in psychiatric complications. Smoking and alcohol use can prompt the signs observed in this patient, for instance, sadness and mood fluctuation. Thus, the appropriate medicine for her was Lithium, which is administered with Naltrexone to enhance the mood and end the drinking addiction. Lithium is effective in women who have rapid mood cycles within a year (Parial, 2015). Therefore, the medication eliminates mood variations, sadness, and addiction.

The difference between what I expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision is that the patient had various side effects after a while, for example, increased weight and trembling. To handle this problem, I changed her medicines to Sodium valproate along with disulfiram during bedtime. Females with rapid cycles of mood react more swiftly to Valproate compared to Lithium and Naltrexone (Yatham et al., 2018).  After taking this measure, I noted that the patient’s condition had improved due to decreased side effects.

Decision #2

I offered medication on the basis of the patient’s physical state during diagnosis. The patient reported having added weight due to drinking. Moreover, she had smoking episodes when drinking and gambling. The gambling challenge was of great concern to her since she was worried about the husband realizing her behaviors.

I selected this decision since matters of weight are a major concern when treating comorbid alcohol addiction due to the individual medication offered to a patient and the side effects of alcohol use. Many mood stabilizers and antidepressants utilized in comorbid bipolar addiction lead to weight gain (Correll, Detraux, De Lepeleire, & De Hert, 2015). Besides, alcohol consumption results in high cholesterol levels, which trigger weight gain. In this case, the patient required medications with minimal impact on her weight and those that function to reduce weight. Medicines that lead to the retention of sodium in females should be avoided as they result in increased steroid levels, resulting in weight gain.

Lamictal drugs offered orally with disulfiram/Naltrexone work fast in females with mood conditions and comorbid addiction; thus, the medications are appropriate in this case based on the patient’s weight. These medicines help in reducing weight. There was no difference between what I expected to achieve with decision #2 and the results of the decision since the patient’s alcohol craving reduced, as well as weight. The side effect was decelerated improvement, which I managed by raising the dose.

Decision #3

The third decision was offering medication on the basis of the patient’s compliance with drugs. I selected this decision since drug compliance is a crucial factor in examining the effectiveness of medicines used in comorbid addiction. Patients with comorbid addiction require medication with minimal side effects of weight gain and tremors, as well as lethargy. Such side effects occur when one takes Lithium. Thus, the patient’s non-compliance with Lithium was as a result of these side effects.

There was no difference between what I expected to attain with decision #3 and the results of the decision as the patient’s compliance with Lamictal and valproate medicines was high. Compliance is a crucial factor in selecting a mood stabilizer for alcoholic patients who have comorbid mood fluctuations (Levounis & Herron, 2014). The patient’s enhanced compliance emanated from the low risk of tremors, weight gain, and lethargy linked to Lamictal.

References

Correll, C. U., Detraux, J., De Lepeleire, J., & De Hert, M. (2015). Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 119-136.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20204

Levounis, P., & Herron, A. J. (Eds.). (2014). The addiction casebook. American Psychiatric Publishing.

Parial, S. (2015). Bipolar disorder in women. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(Suppl 2), S252-S263doi:10.4103/0019-5545.161488

Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., … & Alda, M. (2018). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 20(2), 97-170.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bdi.12609

Sample Psychology Essay Paper on Male and Female Sexual Response Models my assignment essay help

Male and Female Sexual Response Models

            The four-stage sexual physiological response by humans to a sexual stimulus as postulated by Virginia E. Johnson and William H. Masters underlines fundamental issues that form the foundation knowledge in understanding human sexual behavior. The pioneering research conducted by the two scholars paved the way for new models and greater understanding of a subject that is readily considered a taboo in many discourses and societies. However, the pioneering model is both insightful and controversial. Some scholars have proposed models such as Kaplan’s triphasic and Loulan’s sexual response models that challenge the perceived misconceptions in Masters and Johnson’s model (Yarber & Sayad, 2016; Whitney, 2015). This essay will highlight the fundamental differences and similarities in the three models. Towards this end, the essay will specially focus on the differences in the various sexual response phases proposed by each model.

            According to Masters and Johnson’s model, humans respond to sexual stimulation in four distinct phases. The first phase is excitement. In both men and women, this stage manifests in the form of increased muscle tension, flushed skin and gorging of genitalia with blood. As a result, men will experience an erection while women will experience labia minora and clitoral swelling. This phase is followed by a plateau phase marked by the intensification of the physiological responses in phase one. With increased muscle tension, both men and women experience muscle spasms, which transition into involuntary contractions in the orgasm phase. Spasms are disproportionately intense around the feet muscles. Sudden rushes, heightened heartbeat, rhythmic contraction of female and male genitalia muscles, and sudden release of sexual tension accompanied by ejaculation take place. The last phase, resolution, is accompanied by fatigue and heightened feeling of intimacy and happiness (Yarber & Sayad, 2016). It is the resumption of normalcy in all physiological functions.

These stages present sex a stage-wise linear and physiological occurrence, devoid of physical, cognitive, and other external agents. This led to new proposals to address these perceived shortcomings of Master and Johnson’s model. In a bid to refine Masters and Johnson’s model, Kaplan incorporated sexual desire in her triphasic model to accommodate nonsexual and physical factors that determine human sexual response cycle. With sexual desire at the base of her model, she maintained the excitement and orgasm phases as proposed by Masters and Johnson (Yarber & Sayad, 2016; Whitney, 2015). However, the triphasic model treats sexual response as a linear occurrence that follow prescribed and definite path.

In response, Loulan’s sexual response model added two phases in Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle model: willingness and desire. She, however, maintained the four phases. Therefore, according to Loulan, sexual response begins with a willingness before transitioning into desire. This phase may transition into excitement, engorgement, and orgasm. However, orgasm is not a guarantee in all sexual encounters (Yarber & Sayad, 2016; Whitney, 2015). Loulan’s last phase, pleasure, is similar to Masters and Johnson’s resolution phase and is marked by physiological, emotional, and biological events such as happiness and a heightened sense of emotional well-being.

Unlike triphasic and four-stage models, Loulan’s is non-linear, with no guarantee that each stage must occur during a sex response cycle. Like triphasic model, Loulan’s model challenges Masters’ assertion that underlying neurosis or personality disorders can lead to sexual problems. In addition to poor communication, lack of information on sex and conflict between sex partners, necrosis, and personality disorders affect sexual desire and willingness. Consequently, other phases such as excitement, engorgement, orgasm, and resolution cannot be achieved. By addressing these critical factors, Loulan’s model accurately captures human sexual response.

References

Yarber, W. L. & Sayad, B. W. (2016). Human sexuality: Diversity in contemporary America (9th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Whitney, J. (2015 Nov. 5). What Masters and Johnson got wrong about sex. Retrieved from: http://www.keepthetalkgoing.com/what-masters-and-johnson-got-wrong-about-sex/

Sample Psychology Research Paper on Evaluation of Technical Quality get essay help

Evaluation of Technical Quality

Introduction

In Unit 2, the standard test that I had selected is autism. The stated purpose for its use is to administer test to individuals with disabilities particularly on individuals with autism. It is an indication that the population or the psychological condition that is within the standardization of the test is people with autism. Individuals who are suffering from autism have different levels of characteristics whose severity varies which end up affecting the way they interact and communicate with people in different social environments. There are three different autism tests which include Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CAR-2), Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) and Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder (CASD). However, each test has some sort of technical quality. In most cases, the test developer identifies it in their article while in other cases it is identified in independent reviews by other individuals. The following is an evaluation of various articles on autism test with the main focus being on the technical quality.

Technical Review Article Summaries

Simek, A. N., & Wahlberg, A. C. (2011). Test review: Autism spectrum rating scales. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(2), 191-195.

This article addresses validity because it is measuring what it claims to be measuring. The aim of the authors is to measure the behaviors of children between the ages of two years and eighteen years who are autistic. The parents/caregivers and/or the teachers are responsible for conducting the measuring. The article addresses the evidence of validity by conducting the test in different settings and in more than one form for every child. Through this, it becomes easy to determine the behavior 4 weeks before the rating. The specific type of validity used in this article is convergent because the aim of the authors is to simultaneously measure the same construct correlation between the various environments that the children were exposed to during the study to determine their autistic behavior. The overall results of the research are that Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) can comfortably measure the behaviors of children with autistic disorders. When the children were exposed to different environments, they exhibited different behaviors.

Dixon, M., Stanley, C., Belisle, J. & Rowsey, K. (2016). The test-retest and interrater reliability of the promoting the emergence of advanced knowledge-direct training assessment for use with individuals with autism and related disabilities. American Psychological Association, 16(1), 34-40.

The article addresses reliability because it seeks to identify how consistent the results of the study is especially what it is measuring. In this case, the authors have conducted a test and retested the advanced knowledge-direct training assessment with individuals who are autistic or have other disabilities. The article addresses the sources of reliability estimates through the help of PEAK-DT assessment that allowed the authors to test-retest and also interrater the data. The result of the study revealed that both the age-referenced scores and raw scores had high test-retest and interrater reliability. The type of reliability is test-retest since the same test was administered twice in different intervals to obtain coefficient high results. The overall result of the research indicated the PEAK-DK scores were all high with a reading of 92 and above for autistic children who were placed under foundational learning, perceptual learning, and verbal reasoning. It is an indication that all the 10 participants performed better as desired.

Mayes, S. (2014). Diagnosing autism with checklist for autism spectrum disorder. Phenomenology Journal, 10(11), 285-298.

The article addresses the validity of the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder (CASD) especially when used for screening and diagnosing children who are autistic within the entire spectrum. The evidence of validity is that all the children who were suffering from autism scored about the cutoff which was 15 compared to those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, learning disability, r mental retardation. It is an indication that the authors have provided a reliable estimate for the scores which can be used as a checklist by psychologists and other healthcare providers to diagnose autism. The type of validity used in predictive because the values obtained were used as a criterion for diagnosing the children with autism. The psychometric results of the study indicate that children with high functioning and low functioning autism earned all the scores for CASD while others reached the cutoff score which is 15.

Chlebowski, C., Green, J., Barton, M. & Fein, D. (2013), Using the childhood autism rating scale to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord, 40(7), 787-799.

The article addresses reliability because it determines the consistency of the childhood autism rating scale as a strategy for diagnosing autism in children. The authors have accurately addressed reliability estimates by establishing cut-of scores that can be used to distinguish a child who is suffering from an autistic disorder from PDD-NOS in different ages. As a result of the specificity and also sensitivity in the data provided, it became easy to establish if a child was autistic or not. The type of reliability used in this case is internal because the authors sort to use the rating scale as a measure within itself. The psychometric results indicate that CARS score differed in different diagnostic group. For instance, children who were diagnosed as autistic had a higher scores of CARs compared to those with PDD-NOS. The authors also identified that CARS is a reliable tool for measuring autistic severity in a child.

Dixon, M. R., Belisle, J., Stanley, C., Rowsey, K., Daar, J. H., & Szekely, S. (2015). Toward a behavior analysis of complex language for children with autism: Evaluating the relationship between PEAK and the VB-MAPP. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 27, 223–233.

The article addresses the reliability of the study between two different behavioral language assessments that are being used currently for the main purpose of evaluating autistic individual’s verbal repertoires. The article properly addresses the evidence of reliability through the use of two strategies which include Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Relational Training System (PEAK) together with Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP). The authors suggested that PEAK is more reliable since it offers a more robust way for psychologists to measure advanced language skills in people who are autistics. The specific type of reliability test that this article uses is external reliability assessment since the advanced language skills in autistics people is measured using different strategies VB-MAPP and PEAK. The results of the study indicate that though PEAK was more reliable to use, there was a strong correlation between VB-MAPP and PEAK especially the scores. However, the main reason PEAK is preferred is because it measures a larger set of language skills in people with autism.

Harris, B., Barton, E. E., & Albert, C. (2014). Evaluating autism diagnostic and screening tools for cultural and linguistic responsiveness. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 44(6), 1275-1287

The article addresses validity of different diagnostic and screening tools for evaluating the linguistic responsiveness among individuals with autism. At the same time, the article mainly addresses sources of error variance in the study. According to the authors, misidentification and under-identification of autism spectrum disorders are common among the linguistic and cultural populations. The specific type of validity used in this case is discriminant because it does not in any way measure what it should have because of the misidentifications and under-identification. The overall results of the research including the statistical outcome include children with autism are most likely to be misidentified as a result they end up missing early intervention opportunities which is crucial for their future health. At the same time, the authors found that culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a population that is highly complex to understand thus the reason there is a need for appropriate assessment tools to be used in studying them.

Vaughan, C. A. (2011). Test review: E. Schopler, ME Van Bourgondien, GJ Wellman, & SR Love childhood autism rating scale . Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, 2010. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(5), 489-493.

The article addresses the validity of the love childhood autism rating scale in children who are autistic. The article provides evidence of validity by evaluating the different rating forms designed for dragonizing children with autism. For instance, the three rating forms that can be used to identify the major symptoms of ASD include CARS2-HF, CARS2-ST, and CARS-QPC. All of these forms entail different forms of measurement that must not be ignored. It is because they play an important role in the diagnosis and the evaluation of autistic symptoms. The type of reliability used in this case entails criterion whereby the different rating forms have standards whose measures can be used to dragonize a child who is autistic. The overall psychometric results of the research indicate that during the measurement when the different diagnostic tools are used, the factors that are taken into consideration include the intensity and the duration that the children show symptoms. It the best way to have a comprehensive picture of their ability to function regardless of their autistic condition.

Conclusion

It is evident from the different reliable and valid tests that the various authors have conducted that autistic can be diagnosed in different ways. However, only one author’s evaluation was unreliable because they used the discriminatory strategy which makes the study invalid. Nonetheless, the remaining six articles evaluated clearly showed that the autistic test is valid and reliable that can be properly implemented in various settings. I deem this test to be appropriate for my planned use in the field and with the population to be served because there is enough valuable data that can be used as a source of reference. At the same time, it is evident that there are different autistic test strategies and tools that can be implemented in different ways. These will play an important role in forming a basis through which my study will be conducted on the autistic population which is a group of special people in the society. Based on this fact, conducting the study will not be difficult since I intend to use any of the tools or measure methods to diagnose and manage children and adults with autism.  

References

Chlebowski, C., Green, J., Barton, M. & Fein, D. (2013), Using the childhood autism rating scale to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord, 40(7), 787-799.

Dixon, M. R., Belisle, J., Stanley, C., Rowsey, K., Daar, J. H., & Szekely, S. (2015). Toward a behavior analysis of complex language for children with autism: Evaluating the relationship between PEAK and the VB-MAPP. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 27, 223–233.

Dixon, M., Stanley, C., Belisle, J. & Rowsey, K. (2016). The test-retest and interrater reliability of the promoting the emergence of advanced knowledge-direct training assessment for use with individuals with autism and related disabilities. American Psychological Association, 16(1), 34-40.

Harris, B., Barton, E. E., & Albert, C. (2014). Evaluating autism diagnostic and screening tools for cultural and linguistic responsiveness. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 44(6), 1275-1287

Mayes, S. (2014). Diagnosing autism with checklist for autism spectrum disorder. Phenomenology Journal, 10(11), 285-298.

Simek, A. N., & Wahlberg, A. C. (2011). Test review: Autism spectrum rating scales. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(2), 191-195.

Vaughan, C. A. (2011). Test review: E. Schopler, ME Van Bourgondien, GJ Wellman, & SR Love childhood autism rating scale. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, 2010. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(5), 489-493.

Sample Psychology Essay Paper on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity or Expression history essay help: history essay help

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity or Expression

PART 1

Prejudice and discrimination is pervasive among counselors working with minority groups including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) members. Like other minority groups, LGBTQ members experience high mental health issues due to stigma, discrimination, and violence they experience from the members of the society. As a result, anxiety, depression, and suicidality are persistent among members of LGBTQ. Members of this group subsequently seek therapy to find relief. However, instead of finding solutions to their problems, most of the counselors grind salt to the wounds by further subjecting them to prejudice and discrimination.

While therapists are perceived as saviors of mental problems, they are not immune to prejudicial attitudes, which in turn induces mental issues. For instance, a counselor can use comments like “I’m not sure we need to focus on sexual orientation to understand your depression”. Such a statement clearly reveals the professional’s discomfort with the client’s sexual orientation. While such comments are overt, they greatly affect the counseling process.  These incidents occur due to incompetence of counselors concerning sexual orientation. For instance, Grove revealed inadequate knowledge on lesbian, gay, and bisexual issues among trainee and newly qualified counselors in Britain (2009). These limitations undermine the goals of counseling.

Prejudice can affect the quality of therapy by altering the professional’s perceptions concerning sexual orientation or minimizing the experiences being reported by a client. For instance, a counselor who strongly believes that women exaggerate things is likely to ignore claims made by a female client. Prejudice and discrimination are harmful to vulnerable clients who may feel distant from the therapist and in turn withhold sensitive information or terminate treatment. Consequently, the clients’ condition worsens. It is, therefore, important for counselors and educators to examine their own biases to ensure effective therapy. This course has taught me the dangers of bias in practice and helped me to reflect on my own biases and focus on creating safe and supportive relationships with clients to foster self-acceptance and personal development.

PART 2

Sexual anatomies, physiologies, and responses are complex. The female organ’s main parts are the vulva for pleasure and protection and the vagina, which is the birth canal. The female internal sex organs include uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The male sex organs, on the other hand, consist of the penis, which is responsible for initiating orgasm and releasing semen and urine while the internal organs include the urethra, the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate glands. When the clitoris and the penis are aroused, parts of the brain like the temporal cortex, insula, basal ganglia, and dorsolateral among others are activated. Sexual response happens in various phases including desire, excitement, orgasm and pleasure.

There have been new facts on the male and female sexual anatomy, physiologies, and responses. For instance, the American Cancer Society released statistics on male breast cancer, which changed my perception of human sexuality (2019). Many people would also be alarmed to learn about breast cancer in men because this type of cancer has been widely associated with women only. The data has equipped me with knowledge that men, despite the small size of breasts, have breast tissue which contains ducts and glands where cancer forms. When faced by such strange facts, I might find it difficult to handle the situation but would ensure I remain professional and helpful. For instance, if I assess a hermaphrodite client, I would politely ask him/her which side he/she identifies with to avoid using an unfavorable pronoun that might offend the person.

References

American Cancer Society. (2019, Jan 8). Key statistics for breast cancer in men. American Cancer Society. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/about/key-statistics.html

Grove, J. (2009, May 14). How competent are trainee and newly qualified counselors to work with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients and what do they perceive as their most effective learning experiences?. Counseling and Psychology Research, 9(2), 78-85. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14733140802490622

Sample Business Studies Essay Paper on Regulated Exchanges: Dynamic Agents Of Economic Growth assignment help sydney

Questions and Answers

Describe the differences among the following three types of orders: market, limit, and stop loss

Two basic performance choices occur when a stock sell or purchase order is placed by an investor, that is, either at the limit or market. For market, execution instructions are issued at the earliest convenience, either at current or market price. On the other hand, for limit, instructions are allowed for performance either at or below a particular price or at a price exceeding the selling price (Harris, 2010). Stop loss is meant to limit money lost on a single trade by ensuring timely exit as soon as a predefined price is attained.

What is a short sale?

The term, short sale, defines securities’ transaction that are not owned by the trader in order to make profit from anticipated stock price decline (Polimenis, 2014). In such a transaction, the investor borrows securities anticipating a price decline, sells them and is expected to return equivalent shares at a latter date.

Describe buying on margin

Buying on margin refers to down payment that a broker receives for a purchased asset. The borrowed funds’ collateral is the marginable security in the account of the investor. A margin account is necessary for the broker prior to buying on margin.

Why is it illegal to trade on insider information?

When a trader accesses privileged business information that is not privy to the public, then such a trader is said to have traded on insider information. Given that the information is not available to all investors, the one with the information enjoys undue advantage over other investors. This use of information that is non-public, violates the concept of transparency that defines the market. Market are defined in such a manner that information is released to all stakeholders at the same time (Harris, 2010). The only differentiating factor then is the ability to analyze and interpret the provided information. Allowing trading based on insider information not only gives undue advantage to others, but also disrupts smooth market operation (Polimenis, 2014). Such occurrences can lead to loss of faith from the underprivileged investors and consequently, they may shy away from trading.

References

Harris, L. (2010). Regulated exchanges: Dynamic agents of economic growth. Oxford University Press.

Polimenis, V. (2014). Slow and fast markets. Journal of Economics and Business, 57(6), 576-593.

Sample Nursing Essay Paper on Providing Culturally Competent Nursing Care essay help site:edu: essay help site:edu

The nursing fraternity has juxtaposed itself over time embellishing dynamism in an effort of adapting to the ever-changing medico-social landscape. As such nurses and the medical fraternity in its entirety get exposed to a myriad of challenges in practice. These call for sensitivity from the practitioner in extending their services. Diversity encountered comes in the form of religion, cultural practices, language, and traditional inclinations etcetera.

Last fall we received a patient who had immigrated from Kenya. She was brought in through the accidents and emergencies department. She had been involved in a road accident, was unconscious and had lost a substantial amount of blood. Upon regaining consciousness she was erratic and violent complaining why she had been brought to hospital when her religion prohibits her from going to hospital. She kept lamenting that her ancestors’ spirits had shunned and punished her for leaving her land of birth. All these she said in Swahili language which she was most comfortable with, but indicated that she knew very little English.

While caring for the patient, communication was a huge barrier due to the language differences. I did not know any Swahili therefore I had to keep using the translation application on my phone, which was slow but worked eventually. I was also not well versed with issues spiritualism, at times the patient spoke and I thought they were praying, so I would end up closing my eyes as if joining her in prayer. Lasch proposes that patients appreciate the practioner’s interest in their culture and language (Lasch 17).

I began by telling her why she was at the facility and asked if she had any relatives or family who could be contacted. I indicated that I was also an immigrant and that we respect other peoples’ culture at the facility, which kind of helped in calming her down. I indicated that both her life and faith were important and that she could only exercise her faith effectively once she was better. The patient has to know the importance of the medication in addressing their existent medical condition (Ruddock and Turner 366). During our interaction I informed her that accidents are inevitable and are not a punishment of whichever form noting other patients that were hospitalized who had been involved in accidents. To make her confortable during administration of the medication I would tell her to indulge a brief spiritual rant and or chant to bless the medicine, just as people pray for food, before taking it. Such an act of sensitivity to her culture accelerated her recovery and helped me win over her trust during her three-week stay at our facility.

Works Cited

Lasch, Eilene Kathryn. “Culture, pain, and culturally sensitive pain care.” Pain Managenet      Nursing 1.3 (2000): 16-22.

Ruddock, Heidi C and De Sales Turner. “Developing cultural sensitivity: nursing students’          experiences of a study abroad programme.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 59.4   (2007): 361-369.

Sample Business Studies Research Paper on Images of Managing Change gp essay help: gp essay help

Images of Managing Change

Change is inevitable at all levels from a personal to professional and community or organizational levels. Usually change is determined by need, changing level of knowledge or maturity, as well as change of environment. In the week’s lecture, what is of importance are the various variables that define the image of a change manager. The first variable is the images of managing that entail controlling and shaping. The second variable is the images of change outcomes comprising of intended, partially intended, and unintended change. Shaping and partially intended change are evaluated and the roles they play within the change process are compared and contrasted.

Shaping as an image of managing tends to illustrate a style of management that can be referred to as participative. Through shaping, the manager’s focus is on the players forming part of the organizational team. The manager then makes attempts to involve the members of the organization in the various stages of change (Palmer & Dunford, 2002). Partially intended change refers to the gray area believed to be between intended and unintended change (Palmer & Dunford, 2002). As, an image of change outcomes, partially intended change focuses on intended change outcomes that need modification to some extent during the process of implementing change.

The major role of shaping as an image of managing is that it helps in the improvement of the capabilities of the members of the organization (Palmer & Dunford, 2002). Improved capabilities then result in improved organizational efficiency and performance. The role of partially intended change within the change process is to ensure that meaning is created for organizational members (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2015). The modification of intended outcomes during the change process helps organizational members to clearly understand and make sense of various actions or events taking place.

References

Alvesson, M., & Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=hVkRTXoMDlEC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=Partially+intended+change&source=bl&ots=eN7b_uJJzU&sig=ACfU3U1dHVI-erHrtEE8sLzg78C5PJXsEA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0s8bNr-7jAhVR5uAKHeWWChQQ6AEwGXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Partiallyintendedchange&f=false

Palmer, I., & Dunford, R. (2002). Who Says Change Can Be Managed? Positions, Perspectives and Problematics. Strategic Change, 11(5), 243-251. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsc.600

Sample Social Work and Human Services Essay on Evaluation Plan Presentation essay help

Evaluation Plan Presentation

The global warming scourge has adversely affected an entire populace particularly those residing and making a living in areas around the coast. Rise in temperature has impacted negatively on marine and terrestrial ecosystems alike. Flooding heralded by global warming has subjected coast residents to the ravages of poverty due to destroyed sources of livelihood. Mediation measures sought to remedy the above quagmires included; engaging stakeholders and initiating sustainable mechanisms of adapting to rising sea levels. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the impact of the above mentioned mediation measures in countering rising sea levels in the coastal regions as a result of global warming.  

Stakeholder Engagement

Stakeholder engagement informed an integral part of the project from its initiation through to its sustainability. Stakeholders and interested parties involved included: the government, Marine researchers, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the local communities residing along the coastal region. The government is engaged primarily to initiate change in policy and goodwill towards supporting the project. The government made numerous policy changes including the awarding of carbon credits directly to residents along the coast, who planted and conserved the mangrove. The local community has currently embraced and cultivated the mangrove around the coastal region. The mangrove is associated with absorbing up to 40 percent of greenhouse gases (Cohon & Marks, 1975). We therefore purpose to establish the probable acreage put under the cultivation of the mangrove along the coast region in arresting emitted greenhouse gases.  Marine researchers were particular interested in the biological impact of increased planting of mangroves to other ecosystems.

Non-Governmental organizations have played an important role in community mobilization and sensitization. They particularly advocated for the need to protect natural ecosystems and land reclamation. Their efforts have so far led to a drastic decline in the use of plastics and pesticides in the coastal region. Such decline spurs exponential increases in aquatic flora and fauna including fish and planktons. Additionally their progressive engagement with the community has led to the application of sound practicum in exploitation of resources in the region.

The local community was particularly impressed by the mangrove initiative due to its tendency to grow fast. Its acceptability is further bolstered by non-interference with arable land, as its growth is limited to water. Furthermore it provides fuel as well as financial returns in form of carbon credits.

With the monies allocated, we purpose to monitor the projects initiated for a period of two years. The monitoring team will constitute selected members from the local community and technocrats drawn from the government and the private sector. The team will include one representative from the government marine research department who will evaluate the effects of flooding on marine ecosystems. Due to the intensive and extensive nature of the projects, the monitoring team will carry out monthly assessment for the first four months. After that the assessment shall be carried out after every four months.

Findings from the evaluations will be used in determining the plausibility of similar projects for initiation in other areas along the coastline. The evaluation augers with the global efforts geared towards stemming global warming and its effects on the environment. The practicum as engendered within the community as well as its projected economic value will propel the coastal populace towards financial autonomy thus alleviation of poverty.

References

Cohon, J. L., & Marks, D. H. (1975). A Review and evaluation of multiobjective             programming techniques (Vol. 11). John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Cottrell, W. D. (1999). Simplified program evaluation and review techniques. Journal of         construction engineering and management , 125 (1), 16-22.

Sample Sociology Essay Paper on Race and U.S. Medical Experimentation: The Case of Tuskegee ccusa autobiographical essay help: ccusa autobiographical essay help

Research and Experiment

Question One

The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures is one of the most famous global social psychology experiments that was mainly conducted by Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist at Yale University. In his experiment, Milgram was trying to justify that the Germans who took part in the Nazi killings during the Second World War were indeed obedient to the authority as many had offered the explanation for their acts of genocide during their trial (Fenigstein 582). Forty male participants were selected for the experiment through newspaper and direct mail advertisement. The procedure of the experiment was to take people in pair into an adjacent room; the participant (teacher), and the learner. The teacher had a full view of the learner’s arms strapped with electrodes.

 The experiment involved the apprentice learning a pair of words given to him, and the teacher would test the learner by asking him to recall the pair of words. As such, in response to the teacher’s question, the learner was expected to press a button. Each time the learner made a mistake, the teacher was required to obey the researcher’s orders by administering electric shock to the learner. The electric shock was set to increase with 15 volts each time the learner responded to a question incorrectly. The exercise revealed that most people tend to obey orders given by an authority figure irrespective of the outcomes or consequences. Obedience is developed within oneself, and we usually tend to obey orders from the authority because we tend to believe that they are morally right, and acting according to the legal laws.

 Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is an unethical clinical study that began in 1932. The U.S public health service worked with the Tuskegee Institute with an objective of determining the natural history of syphilis in African Americans who lived in Tuskegee, Alabama. Moreover, 400 men were selected for the experiment, and promised free treatment programs at the end of the study. The subjects who were enrolled in the clinical study were injected with the virus that causes syphilis, and they were matched with other 200 subjects who acted as the control group. It is believed that the subjects were recruited into the clinical study with the promise of special free treatment to be administered after the experiment. However, the experiment had various negative effects on the subjects and other people. It adversely affected the society’s health as many were exposed to the communicable disease that had remained untreated (Howell). Moreover, the experiment led to the subjects suffering immensely as a result of the untreated, advanced syphilis.

Question Two

A sample is defined as a smaller set that is chosen or selected from a given population and presented for research. On the other hand, validity is defined as the extent to which research is intended to measure or measures (Mohajan 71). While reliability refers to the degree to which a given scale produces consistent results whenever measurements are repeated over time, correlation is the mutual relationship or connection between two or more things within a given study (Mohajan 67). Nonetheless, even if two variables show a correlation with each other, it does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other because causation examines if the occurrence of an event is dependent on the occurrence of another.

Works Cited

Fenigstein, Allan. “Milgram’s Shock Experiments and the Nazi Perpetrators: A Contrarian Perspective on the Role of Obedience Pressures during the Holocaust.” Theory & Psychology 25.5 (2015): 581-598., https://www.ucalgary.ca/justice/files/justice/unplugging-the-milgram-machine-tp-fall-2015-copy.pdf#page=34

Howell, Joel. “Race and U.S. Medical Experimentation: The Case of Tuskegee.” Cadernos de Saude Publica 33 (2017): e00168016., https://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0102-311X2017000400301&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt

Mohajan, Haradhan Kumar. “Two Criteria for Good Measurements in Research: Validity and Reliability.” Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 17.4 (2017): 59-82., https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83458/1/MPRA_paper_83458.pdf;Two

Sample Psychology Admission Essay on Sexting Prosecutions: Teenagers and Child Pornography Laws college essay help nyc

Psychology

Human sexuality has existed for a long time with changing definitions on the standards of sexual behavior. Traditional attitudes of sexuality have made it possible to accept different sexual orientations with increased research on presentation of sexuality. Understanding this concept requires in-depth knowledge of humanity and the different factors affecting it such as their interactive methods, media and culture. .

 There is no conclusive definition of normal sexual behavior as sexual behaviors in society are affected by human perception and social factors. Perceptions regard to the cultural, legal, ethical, moral, and religious environments on individual understanding of self-experiences and fear of sexual relationships (Yarber et al., 2016). Social factors include the role of parents, media, and peers in addressing sexual consciousness and sexual behaviors.

Factors influencing sexual behavior include psychological aspects such as self-esteem, denial, locus of control, and dissociation on sexual practices. Family social background influences the way an individual will interact with the opposite gender sexually (Yarber et al., 2016). The media portrays sexuality by providing essential information for people on sexual health and healthy sexual relationships. However, mass media has negatively influenced teenagers sexual conduct as there are explicit portrayals of sexual content in advertisements, television contents, and increasing frequent sexual content.

Media plays a significant role in establishing cultural norms on sexuality by providing new information that may persuade people to accept it. The press informs listeners on what other people learn, thereby facilitating coordination among the communities (Yarber et al., 2016). various forms of advertisements depict sexuality through the use of sex appeal in selling their products or services. The publications involve imagery such as muscular men, nudity, pin-up models, and use of models with revealing postures and outfits (Schnabel et al., 2016).

The media has dramatically affected our teenage generation on presentation of sex through the use of explicit sexual content (Yarber et al., 2016). Sexual imagery has cultivated irresponsible behavior among the youth leading to increased unwanted pregnancies, the spread of sexually transmitted infections, and increased of vices such as rape and molestations.

When examining sexuality, we often make value judgments as the evaluations are based on moral and ethical standards. Value judgment implies on how individuals should behave and relies mostly on how an individual feels other than personal behavior.

 Assessment skills can be clouded with our opinions, biases, and stereotypes as they affect the power of making decisions and the ability to think straight. These will make an individual overlook certain aspects and make questionable decisions that promote discrimination, conflicts, and loss of trust among individuals.

Communication Decency Act is American legislation enacted in the year 1996 that prevent transmission of pornographic and explicit sexual content over the internet.

The Act was enacted in response to concerns on how minors accessed pornographic content on the internet. The legislation created a criminal action against people who transmit the indecent and inappropriate sexual message as determined by community standards to individuals below the age of 18 years (Minor, et al., 2016). Additionally, the Act provided a defense to the senders of the online content only if they take reasonable efforts in good faith to exclude the minors.

Media and sexual materials influence young generation’s thinking and actions in many ways. Media influence on children may promote violence, substance abuse, and massive eating disorders. Additionally, Sharing of sexual contents promotes early pregnancies, the spread of sexually transmitted infections and lead to child prostitution (Minor et al., 2016). Moreover, the child can learn the dangers of engaging in irresponsible sexual behaviors and expressing empathy and tolerance to other people.

Transmitting sexual pictures or texting is considered illegal in different countries and they have even formulated various legislations on the same. Sharing of nude photographs and messages to individuals below 18 years, the age of consent, is a crime punishable by law. (Minor et al., 2016). It is therefore important for every person in society to refrain from sharing sexual pictures in any platform to not only promote sanity in the community but also limit development of immoral behaviors among the young generation.

Natural sexual behavior has no standard definition as different societies have different views on sexuality. Different perceptions have been given on sexuality with media playing a significant role on influencing the sexual behavior of individuals. Furthermore, legislations such as Communication Decency Act were enacted to control the accessibility and spread of sexual content over the media or among different people.

References

Minor, A. D. (2016). Sexting Prosecutions: Teenagers and Child Pornography Laws. Howard LJ, 60, 309.

Schnabel, L. (2016). Gender and homosexuality attitudes across religious groups from the 1970s to 2014: Similarity, distinction, and adaptation. Social Science Research, 55, 31-47.

Yarber, W.L., & Sayad, B. W. (2016). Human sexuality: Diversity in contemporary America (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. (ISBN: 9780077861940)

Sample Healthcare Essay Paper on Healthcare Ethics: Organ Transplantation college essay help online free

Healthcare Ethics: Organ Transplantation

As technology becomes increasingly part of the medical field, health care professionals are currently tasked with scrutinizing ethical dilemmas. Over the years, there have been growing concerns over organ transplantation in modern medicine, particularly when it comes to organ tourism where individuals have been restricted to traveling to other nations to undergo organ surgery. The process of organ transplantation cannot be underestimated primarily because it prolongs a patient’s life after vital organs fail. The ethical query surrounding these issues is complicated, particularly if organ donation should continue to be voluntary particularly for the dead or dying.    

Organ donors usually die at donation; however, because of legal and medical issues, they may be only brain dead when the organs needed are viable. Brain death considered a consequence of severe, irreversible brain damage to the point the organ fails to maintain life (Erin & Harris, 2015). Nevertheless, important bodily functions may be maintained by artificial systems that should be harvested to help others avoid death. As indicated by Chambers, et al. (2018), the growing incidence of primary organ failures such as liver, lungs, and kidney has led to a growing gap between organ supply and demand. Subsequently, this results in longer waiting times before surgery that often results in death. With this in mind, the donation of organs from brain dead individuals should not be voluntary. The process makes it simple for health care management to find organs for their patients.

Several individuals have found the waiting process for an organ transplant tedious and risky. Such waiting times may be significantly reduced when organs can be harvested from brain dead individuals. Although this may seem unethical, it should be considered that the main purpose of a healthcare unit is to reduce deaths and this is one of the solutions to that objective.

References

Chambers, D. C., Cherikh, W. S., Goldfarb, S. B., Hayes, D., Kucheryavaya, A. Y., Toll, A. E., … & Stehlik, J. (2018). The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-fifth adult lung and heart-lung transplant report—2018; focus theme: multiorgan transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 37(10), 1169-1183.

Erin, C. A., & Harris, J. (2015). An ethical market in human organs. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(3), 137-138.

Sample Essay Paper on Review of Arts and Humanities essay help: essay help

Felicia Millen’s Discussion

            The abstract provides the reader with a glimpse of the topic in discussion. The author is keen on highlighting the normalcy of change in organizational and institutional contexts. She then proceeds to suggest that change is to be expected in coming years, as societies live through emergent events. It is upon this foundation that the author contextualizes change in education. Change, she observes, is implemented with the purpose of delivering positive outcomes, but it is not uncommon for negative outcomes to result. In the next section, the author attempts to describe the events that have paved way for change in educational policy of the United States. Among other policies and landmark events, the author discusses the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954); Elementary and Secondary School Act (1965); PARC and Mills (1970); The Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975; the IDEA Law; and Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987. It is felt that an introductory paragraph that categorically details on the range of topics that would be discussed would be fitting. Moreover, the section that highlights the policies and events that have influenced change in the country’s education system could be improved by adding some detail on each of these events so that it is not unclear to the reader on the exact changes that unfolded.

            The author’s discussion on the developments that have occurred in both the public and private schools is quite informative. The discussion on the changes in teacher to student ratio suggests that the capacity to improve educational outcomes has significantly improved over the years. Moreover, the impact of changes in technology on technology is briefly discussed. Again, it is felt that the author could include further clarification to make her arguments even more credible. For instance, it is worth discussing the impact that technology has had in improving the delivery of educational outcomes, as well as addressing the challenges that existed in past decades when the internet and smart devices were not available.

            The author also does well to discuss ways in which the changes in education have impacted different stakeholders negatively. For instance, the author highlights that teachers are placed under intense pressure in contemporary times, as they are mandated to not only teach but also provide parental duties to their parents despite the fact that their salaries have remained low. Moreover, the suggestion that the personalities of students have largely deteriorated owing to technology is fitting for this discussion.

            Some of the other aspects of this discussion, such as the changes in the quality of the grading system could be reinforced with suggestions for improvement. I find the author’s discussion about modern day students’ complacency truthful and credible. The findings by the author are supported by Simuforosa and Rosemary (2014) who suggest that teachers must rely on a strict code of conduct in order to uphold discipline among their students. Also, in line with the author’s suggestion, the Bible should provide a guiding light for policymakers so that the quality of education is improved and the outcomes on the student are kept at an optimum. This would help in avoiding the common scenario in the modern day, whereby students feel authoritative and fail to comply with the requirements forth by their teachers.

            Overall, I found the discussion informative and thought-provoking. With minimal corrections, the discussion could be improved even further in helping the reader to understand the impact of changes in education in influencing educational outcomes. The question I have for the author is: do you feel that teachers can play a proactive role, independent of school rules and educational policies, in ensuring that learners learn and grow to become responsible adults?

References

Simuforosa, M., & Rosemary, N. (2014). Learner indiscipline in schools. Review of Arts and Humanities, 3(2), 79-88.

Elizabeth Van Pelt’s discussion

            Elizabeth’s discussion pertains to changes in the retail industry. This discussion begins by introducing the idea that brick-and-mortar stores are gradually losing their appeal, which calls for organizations to adapt to the changes. The author further suggests that the changes have both positive and negative side effects on the industry and that some companies are doing well by capitalizing on the changes. The author is of the opinion that customers must be given the liberty to choose their way to shop, which calls for accessibility, which should complement diversity and inclusion. This is a good way of introducing the topic as it equips the reader with an idea of the argument that will guide the author’s discussion.

            In the next section, the author provides an analysis of the changes that have occurred in the retail industry, such as the closure of shopping malls, changes in the shopping environment, and the advent of online shopping. Here, the author does well to provide a detailed analysis of the range of changes that have occurred in the industry and the implication they have had on both the organizations concerned and the shopping experience of customers. The author is keen on highlighting the relevance of experience-based marketing strategies in guaranteeing the survival of retailers.

            In the next section, which discusses the positive and negative aspects of change, the author suggests that the fall of the retail industry is destroying the middle class. Not enough analysis is done here and it remains unclear how exactly the industry is contributing to the shrinkage of a demographic. On the other hand, the author suggests that the closure of stores, the result of change to the industry, is pushing companies to push companies to shop online. The author could improve this section by highlighting the advantages associable with shifting operations online, such as the capacity to advertise through various social media platforms, as well as the lessened cost of operation compared to physical outlets.

            The author is keen on suggesting the areas that companies could capitalize upon in order to maximize profitability. She discusses three major areas, including diversity and inclusion, experience over stores; and accessibility. Diversity, she expounds, is an important element of the American society today and organizations must be keen on identifying the multicultural elements of the society and take full advantage. Experience, she explains, is important for helping shoppers to hold good memories of the retailer. Thus, while retail apocalypse unfolds, an enjoyable shopping experience will still guarantee that shoppers visit physical outlets. Finally, the author suggests that retailers must honor the preference of customers by providing them with different shopping options, including in-store, online, and over the phone, among others. This section is not just sufficiently analytical but is also properly detailed. It equips the reader with an understanding of some of the strategies that retailers could implement in order to take full advantage of change as it occurs.

            I feel that this author provides a proper discussion of the changes in retail and strategies for retailers to use to overcome the negative outcomes associable with the change. The arguments presented are aligned with those presented by Kowalkiewicz et al. (2017) as well as Konrad (2019), who suggest that retail must be a seamless invisible means for helping customers to achieve their goals. One question I have for the author is: how do you suggest that retailers anticipate changes in customer preferences in order to respond in the most suitable manner?

References

Konrad, A. (2019). Customer retail Experience as a new approach for creating dealership sales           loyalty in the automotive industry. Proceedings of The 14th IAC 2019, 240.

Kowalkiewicz, M., Rosemann, M., & Dootson, P. (2017). Retail 5.0: Check out the future.

Sample Political Science Essay Paper on Reparations for Slavery admission college essay help

The past decade has seen a considerable progress of international law in the pursuit of global justice for collective victims of severe historical injustices perpetrated by governing regimes. This move has been fueled by the increasing prominence of democracy and international human rights and the eclipse of sovereignty engendered by globalization. America’s history is entangled in slavery, whose compensation matters have now resurfaced in the early phase of the next presidential campaigns. However, the issue has proven to be polarizing due to the political climate laced with hyper-partisanship, where point scoring is prioritized over genuine governance. Nonetheless, since slaves contributed significantly toward the American economy as their rights were violated, slavery reparation is a moral obligation.

Slaves provided unpaid labor that boosted individual businesses, contributing immensely towards the national economy. Africans were captured and transported to America where they were sold as slaves to work in cotton, sugarcane, and tobacco fields, which became an economic engine of the country due to the amassed profits (National Geographic). For the better part of the seventeenth century, the American colonies operated as agricultural economies, which, due to dwindling number of European slaves, required additional sources of labor. Since slavery was acceptable, Africans were enslaved to offer manual work in the fields. The combination of ideal climate, availability of land, and sufficient laborers saw massive agricultural productivity in the south, stabilizing the regional and national economy. By 1835, the U.S. cotton exports increased from 100,000 bales to over a million bales, proving that slavery drove impressive profits (Mintz). America being one of the strongest economies in the world today, it is clear that slavery made huge contributions, validating reparations efforts.

Despite the economic benefits enjoyed today, African-Americans, the descents of the ex-slaves, still lack the same opportunities of economies compared to the Whites. The inequality is best expressed in the massive wealth gap between Whites and African-Americans: the median wealth of non-retired African-Americans was $13,460 as of 2016 while their Whites counterparts scored $142,180 (Weller). The racial wealth gap is greatly influenced by the Jim Crow Laws and Segregation, which denied Blacks fair services like education and healthcare while limiting economic opportunities and social mobility. Sufficient wealth enables people to navigate economic issues such as unexpected illness, abrupt fall of income, future investment, housing, secure retirement, and education among others. With limited wealth, the descendants of African Americans continue to suffer due to their inability to afford the above basic opportunities.

Although those opposing slavery reparations would argue that it is a sin of the past committed by people who are no longer alive, the country is still enjoying the fruits of slavery, which is disproportionately shared among the descendants of the ex-slaves. Others argue that compensating the descendants of the ex-slaves would plunge the country into an economic crisis due to the high involved amounts. The international law, although not enforced during slavery, condemns historical injustices, thus, justifying slavery reparations. Compensating the descendants of the past slaves would be America’s opportunity to even the odds and deliver justice.

Slavery reparation is America’s moral obligation to the descendants of the ex-slaves. The ex-slaves were captured and forced to work in fields without pay. Their labor boosted the regional and the national economy, which was pivotal in propelling America to its superior economical position today. Despite the economic benefits contributed by slavery, the descendants of the ex-slaves are still disadvantaged economically and socially. Compensating these individuals for the service and unjust treatment endured by their ancestors would help to deliver justice.

Works Cited

Mintz, Steven. “Historical Context: Was Slavery the Engine of American Economic Growth?”. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. n.d. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/historical-context-was-slavery-engine-american-economic-growth. 1 Aug. 2019

National Geographic. “How Slavery Helped Build a World Economy”. National Geographic. 3 Jan. 2019. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/01/how-slavery-helped-build-a-world-economy/. 1 Aug. 2019

Weller, Christian. “African-Americans’ Wealth a Fraction That of Whites Due to Systematic Inequality”. Forbes. 14 Feb. 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/christianweller/2019/02/14/african-americans-wealth-a-fraction-that-of-whites-due-to-systematic-inequality/#5e6d52434554. 1 Aug. 2019.

Sample Management Essay Paper on Leadership: Theory and practice nursing essay help: nursing essay help

Management

Introduction

Leadership involves planning and controlling of resources in an organization. Leadership style applied during controlling and planning in an organization must ensure that the goals and objectives of the firm. This research will focus on how Path-goal leadership style is applied and its relation with other leadership styles and whether a leader can apply more than one leadership style.

Leadership Styles Associated with Path-Goal Theory

Path-goal leadership style states that a leader’s primary function is to motivate their subordinates by defining and clarifying the path to achieving the goals and objectives. The directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented leadership styles are the four supportive styles in path-goal leadership. Directive leadership style involves situations where the leader informs the employee of their expectations and tells them how to perform such duties. The supportive style focuses on satisfying the employee needs and preferences, especially in challenging tasks (Northouse et al., 2018). Additionally, participative style involves being in-charge and playing an essential role in attaining the goals. Achievement-oriented style refers to the leader motivating and boosting the workers’ morale that they can achieve the targets.

Path-Goal Leadership and Relation to other Theories

 Contingency model relates to the path-goal style as both states that leadership method used depends on the present situation as no leadership method can effectively fit in all governance cases. On the other hand, Leader-Member Exchange theory relates to path-goal theory as both hold the view that leadership is modified basing on the attributes of the leader and their followers concerning the tasks allocated (Northouse et al., 2018).  Additionally, a leader relationship with their followers increases the level of quality of jobs and improving organizational performance.

Leadership Mix

Leaders can apply more than one leadership style as combining leadership style increases the organization success. Combining servant and transformational leadership enables a leader to interact with their followers effectively, thereby able to give directions and guidance in performing duties (Palmer et al., 2016). Additionally, the administration method used achieves greater success where the leader has experience on the different behavioral patterns when dealing with a group and the reactions from the concept of the leadership style applied. Moreover, mixing leadership styles in a firm generates more commitment to employees thereby ensuring organization success.

Conclusion

Path-goal leadership style involves leadership function of motivating their subordinates in achieving the goals and objectives. The directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented leadership styles are the four supportive styles in path-goal leadership. Path-Goal theory relates the same ideas with both contingency and Leader-Member Exchange   theories of leadership. Leaders can use several leadership style as mixing these styles  promotes the success of the organization

Reference

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.

Palmer, A. M. (2016). Leadership style and job satisfaction as predictors of employee innovation in the automotive manufacturing industry (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).

Sample Nursing Essay Paper on End-Stage Renal Disease and Patient Education “essay help” site:edu: “essay help” site:edu

End-Stage Renal Disease and Patient Education

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), primarily known as Kidney failure, is the final stage to the chronic kidney disease. During this stage, the kidney does not function normally. Its functionality is below 10 percent. Some common clinical manifestation and complication of kidney failure include Anemia, decreased sex drive, cardiovascular diseases, and renal osteodystrophy. Some systematic disorders cause ESRD. These conditions include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, and infections medications. A patient’s general knowledge of the illness influences how he/she manages the condition (Chin et al., 2018). Perceiving the illness with a sense of destiny or loss can likely lead to unhappiness and depression. Instead, the illness should be treated as something that occurs within a setting. Improving perception can be achieved via patient education.

It is important that the patients of ESRD understand its treatment, especially how the treatment affects them personally. The patient should be highlighted on the effect of non-compliance. Patient education greatly improves compliance with medication across a broad range of conditions and disease severities (Li et al., 2018

Patient education is a reasonable intervention for those with ESRD as it reduces anxiety. Research has highlighted the benefits of patient education beyond merely reducing anxiety, such as increasing quality of life, compliance, and patients’ satisfaction with care.

Health professionals are encouraged to assist the patients of ESRD in improving their overall adjustment. Health institution should implement these aspects to empower patients to live their best lives with the disease. 

References

Chin, M. P., Bakris, G. L., Block, G. A., Chertow, G. M., Goldsberry, A., Inker, L. A., … & Warnock, D. G. (2018). Bardoxolone methyl improves kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 and types two diabetes: Post-hoc analyses from bardoxolone methyl evaluation in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes study. American Journal of Nephrology, 47(1), 40-47.

Li, Q., Trivedi, A. N., Galarraga, O., Chernew, M. E., Weiner, D. E., & Mor, V. (2018). Medicare Advantage ratings and voluntary disenrollment among patients with end-stage renal disease. Health Affairs, 37(1), 70-77.

Sample History Article review: author perception of the impact of slavery on economy college essay help online free

In the article, “The economic basis of the slave trade”, Rice takes a look at slave trade practices and how they contributed to the economy. The various arguments furthered by Rice are not new slave trade-related discussions. As a matter of fact, the contributions that the slave trade made to towards the advancement of Europe and the Americas remains one of the controversial discussions relating to the practice. This piece evaluates the impact that the slave trade had on the economy from Rice’s perspective.

In her article, Rice identifies three factors that led to economic advancement of the Americas, that is, large tracts of unused land seized from native Americas, huge flow of investment from Europe, and most importantly, abundant cheap labor derived from slavery. Apparently narrowing down to the enormous role that slavery played in propping the economy, Rice notes that the expanding economies, largely relied on labor supply, in form of slavery, by the Portuguese and Spanish. Sectors such as sugar plantations and cotton production largely excelled due to slavery. In this regard, slaves not only contributed cheap labor to the economy, but also presented trade opportunities with the enslaved Africans viewed as commodities.

Indeed, I agree with Rice’s perspective that slave trade was the oil that drove the transatlantic trade at the time. Other than offering cheap labor that drove farming and other hard labor, businesses sold slaves to make profits and inject the profits generated into other sectors of the economy. Slavery can therefore be termed as having immensely impacted on the economy prosperity of Europe and Americas. As a matter of fact, it could be the sole explanation for the disparities in economy situation of the regions compared to Africa.

Works Cited

Rice, Alan. “The Economic Basis of the Slave Trade | Revealing Histories.” Revealing Histories: Remembering Slavery, 2019, www.revealinghistories.org.uk/africa-the-arrival-of-europeans-and-the-transatlantic-slave-trade/articles/the-economic-basis-of-the-slave-trade.html.

Sample Management Paper on QuikTrip Case Study Analysis buy essay help: buy essay help

Quick Trip’s operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability.

Quick Trip attaches great value on its employees. It is founded on the concept that when employees are happy, output is improved. In this regard, the company invest its employees personal and professional well-being. This approach has not gone unnoticed and unsurprisingly, the company has consistently featured in Fortune’s “100 best companies to work for” from as back as 2003 (Ton 4). Indeed, this has enabled it to attract the best talents. Other than creating a comfortable work environment, the company offers its employees competitive wages. Additionally, in feeling vacancies, priority is given to existing employees through internal promotions. This offers opportunity for career growth.

In return, the employees ensure QuikTrip’ customer get great experience. As a matter of fact, in order to serve customers better, QuikTrip subjects its employees through a rigorous training routine (Ton 3). It is also noteworthy that employees constantly receive benefits to ensure their efforts towards prosperity of QuikTrip. Additionally, QuikTrip has opened many stores as a way of getting near to its clients. Through this, customer loyalty is maintained and most importantly, sustainable growth is attained. It is also the company’s policy to ensure that at least 50% its store’s employees are locals. This approach ensures that the store’s practices are aligned with the local’s expectations, in addition to creating a point of relation with the locals (Ton 5).

It is noteworthy that the stores operations strategy takes multiple approaches, including offering quality products, exercising high levels of reliability, offering affordable pricing, increased accessibility, and great customer experience. One typical thing about QuikTrip is its store’s simplicity. Its store layout is the same across all its stores. This is meant to give customers easy and simple shopping experience and also encourage high staff productivity. Evidently, by ensuring products are standard across all its stores and the in-store layout is simple, employee productivity is maximized and so is consumer experience.

The store also focuses on its staffing needs to ensure shortages are not experienced. It achieves this by employing full-time and part-time staff as appropriate. When some staff are unavailable, rather than burden the ones available, the store engages part-time staff to cushion against overworking the existing staff or experiencing shortage of customer attendants (Ton, 2011).

How operation management activities affect the customer experience.

Customer experience largely depends on an organization’s operation management. In this regard, QuikTrip has not fallen short. The company subjects its employees to rigorous training programs to ensure they are adequately prepared to offer great experience to clients. Additionally, it is the company’s policy to ensure that at all times, there are adequate attendants to serve clients. This is ensured by engagement of part-time staff whenever necessary. Store layout and arrangement is also kept simple and easy to understand to avoid confusing clients. It is the store’s policy to ensure that customers receive quality service at affordable prices. Staff scheduling is also designed to ensure that customer attendants are always, fresh, happy and motivated to serve clients. Welfare of employees is given utmost importance. Staff are paid relief benefits to motivate them to be committed to their work and ensure clients are served within the shortest time possible (Ton 4). It is also important to note that the company operates for 24 hours a day, making it a convenient shopping store for its clients irrespective of time of the day.

Quick Trip’s value chain and evaluate its effectiveness to operations

QuikTrip has a value chain that largely takes into consideration customer and employee input.  The raw materials are source from reliable sources with proven ethical standards. The kitchens maintain high standard of hygiene. Additionally, it is the organization’s policy to ensure that its fresh foods are actually fresh, well-packaged and well labelled. Similarly, all products in the store are well-packaged and labelled. By ensuring products are well labeled, the organization ensures that clients can easily choose what they want. It is also noteworthy that the company ensures customers have stand-by employees to assist them if need be.  In essence, Quick trip has a value chain that is designed to ensure that the final product is highly visible, clearly labelled, high quality and most importantly, affordable.

Different types of performance measurements that can be used to measure Quick Trip service-delivery system design

QuikTrip has multiple performance metrics to evaluate its service delivery system. These include balanced score cards in which customer experience perspective is taken into consideration. As a matter of fact, this approach is customer-centric and largely focuses on how the client views the store’s service delivery system. Other than this, internal processes can be subjected to measurement to evaluate its effectiveness. Such may include the duration taken to find a customer what he/she needs, duration a customer spends before his order/payment is processed, the duration client’s spend in line during peak hours and availability of employees to assist clients, more especially during peak hours. Financial metrics are also important tools. Daily revenue collection can be a pointer to system effectiveness or deficiency when compared against customers visiting the store. In essence, service system metrics should focus on duration of service delivery, safety considerations, service time and quality, and working condition of employees. The system is evaluated with regard to its effectiveness in service the client without creating untenable working conditions for the employees.

Different types of technologies applied to Quick Trip service operations

Technology is core to operations of any m0dern organization. In this regard, QuikTrip has also investment in multiple technological solutions. Firstly, the store chain operates a digital app available for smartphones. The app, QT Mobile App, allows customer access to the store’s products and operations at their convenience. Features such as updated prices, store location, special offers, and kitchen menus are easily accessible from the app. The app is easily downloadable. Additionally, the store enjoys massive presence in various social media platforms. Such include Twitter (Quick Trip (@QuickTrip), Facebook (Quick Trip), and Instagram (Quick Trip (@QuickTrip) (Ton, 2011). Through this social media pages, customer can not only view special announcements and offers but also actively interact with the store management and seek solutions to problems related to the store that they may have. The company also has an active website through which it maintains information relating to its operations and the industry at large in essence, the company has largely invested in adopting recent technological trends as a way of keeping in touch with clients while also keeping pace with the rapidly changing, technologically-advanced word.

Works Cited

Ton, Zeynep, “QuikTrip”, Harvard Business School, June 23 2011, http://supplychainresearch.com/images/quik_trip.pdf

Sample Education Essay Paper on NAEYC Standard 6 Descriptors get essay help

NAEYC Standard 6 Descriptors

Introduction

The NAEYC standard 6 provides support to teaching staff to promote professionalism, knowledge, and educational qualifications which are required to foster children’s learning and their development, as well as the support of diverse needs and interests in families. Teachers need to understand the children they work with and their family backgrounds in order to provide the necessary support for their academic growth. For this to happen, educational institutions offering early childhood education need to have teachers who are specifically prepared, and have the requisite knowledge and skills in early childhood education and child development. Such teachers are more likely to offer stronger positive interactions to the students, to enhance the richness of language experiences and to develop quality learning environments for the children they work with. Standard 6 from the NAEYC standards provides specific descriptors that ought to be looked out for in order to ensure that teachers possess the necessary educational and professional training to work with children in early development.

Standard 6 Descriptors and how they are conveyed

Standard 6 descriptors mainly cover the expectations that teachers should deliver within an early childhood classroom. According to NAEYC (2019) the first descriptor is that teachers need to identify with and involve themselves with the early childhood field. This descriptor implies that early childhood teachers ought to consider themselves as part of that field and thus be completely immersed in the goings-on in the field. Accordingly, the teachers would not only be trained in early childhood education, but would also demonstrate individual and innate interest in working with the children. Secondly, the teachers should be knowledgeable about the ethical standards and other professional guidelines of early childhood education. Understanding the ethical standards and professional guidelines can help the teachers to align their behaviors with the professional expectations. The ethical standards provide a guideline on what to do and what not to do. The third descriptor is that teachers should engage in continuous and collaborative learning through the use of technology with the children, peers as well as using technology as a professional resource.

Another descriptor relates to the use of knowledgeable, reflective and critical perspectives in early childhood education (NAEYC, 2019). Early childhood education can be challenging in that teachers are required to not only be knowledgeable, but also to apply reflectivity and critical thinking in making decisions that would affect others. Early childhood educators often act as the decision makers in their early childhood classes, and they should have sufficient capacity to apply wisdom and critical thinking. The application of critical thinking could also promote the achievement of the fifth stage, which is to engage in informed advocacy for the young children as well as the early childhood profession. Advocacy can only bear fruit if conducted in a knowledgeable manner and from a background of information, without which the teachers may find it difficult to communicate to students and to other professionals.

Classroom Activities

There are specific activities that can be used within the classroom setting to realize each of the descriptors to early childhood education. Identifying and involving oneself with the field can be achieved through constant interactions with the students at the receiving end, engagement in the actual activities that students are practicing, and accessing further trainings on early childhood education can also help to develop greater skills in the teacher to work with children. Knowing about and upholding ethical standards on the other hand could be achieved through reading to refresh the mind about the ethical standards, practicing favorable classroom management practices such as in handling negative behavior, and promoting professionalism in coordinating and communication with the students. The third descriptor can be achieved through in-service training of teachers to further develop their skills in dealing with children; use of emerging technologies to disseminate educational materials; and fostering classroom discussions about recommended practices on child care. Activities that require creativity, information sharing and motivation can help the teachers towards achieving the fourth descriptor.  The use of practices such as positive reinforcement is also recommended as part of the factors that can help teachers to focus on the integration of knowledge, critical thinking and early childhood education in the existing business relationship. The last focus can be achieved through development of programs to enable children recognize their progress in early childhood learning. Additionally, teachers may also initiate inter-disciplinary panels that foster talent growth among young children within the early childhood education setting.

Conclusion

Early childhood education requires the consideration of multiple sources of knowledge and understanding. Through the NAEYC standards, early childhood educators can build sufficient skills and capability to foster child development. Standard 6 offers a description of different aspects that need to be pursued by early childhood education providers, to enable them not only share knowledge with the young children, but also to continuously grow them into better performing early childhood educators. Reviewing the five subsets (descriptors), it is clear that certain activities can boost performance in different aspects of early childhood growth and development.

References

NAEYC (2019). The 10 NAEYC program standards. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Retrieved from www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/10-naeyc-program-standards#6