Sample Business Studies Essay Paper On Leadership, Marketing, And Communication Write My Essay Help

Sample Communication Paper on News Release and Story Plans personal essay help: personal essay help

News Release and Story Plans

News Release

Community representatives instructed Cumberland council to pass the proposal without any further community consultation in 2018.

At 6:30 pm on May 2, the Cumberland Council held its bimonthly meeting at the Maryland’s Administration Building.

Ms Megan Kessle, local resident and representative of the community raised the upgrade of NEW GLASGOW PARK objection to the proposal.

The Upgrade of New Glasgow Park was a proposal approved by the Council meeting on November 1, 2017. It is located in Granville at 18 Factory Street, Granville and was formerly within the Parramatta Local Government Area.

Ms Kessler said she had tried to get in contact with the council for many times but received no response at all.

“As a local resident and representative of a community, the mighty duck river restoration collective who’s been in contact with the council regarding the park and the river a number of times since amalgamation, I’m disappointed that we’re in no way consulted about the proposal” said Ms Kessler

Councilor Glenn Elmore echoed Megan Kessler’s comments: “That is what the problem is and what the residents are concerned about. There hasn’t been any consultation.” “Generally consultation would involve council consulting before a decision has been made about upgrades but not after.” Continued Councilor Glenn Elmore.

New Glasgow Park proposal entailed incorporating the building of an amusement park, the installation of solar power and lighting equipment’s and the construction of other relevant infrastructures.

Ms. Kessler continued to comment on the proposal, “in my view providing seating an lighting in the park will actually encourage an increase in antisocial behavior in the park. I would encourage councilors to reject the current proposal which has significant negative environment and social implications and instead agree only to community consultation possible upgrades for the new Glasgow Park.”

Councilor Joseph Rahme suggested: ‘ We can comment around the lighting and look at options for lighting that are low bollards based on recommendation from Ms. Kessler.’

“I appreciate the very knowledgeable feedback provided by Ms Kessler” said by Councilor Ross Grove

According to community representative’s speech, members of the council formulated community engagement plan, and that consultation on the future works was undertaken with the local community prior to the commencement of major upgrade works.

In addition, council deliberated on the objection and decided to take into account opinions from local residents to readjust the lighting equipment.

“I commend council on the report and I am really looking forward to each aspect of the report being executed in light of the great feedback.” Councilor Rahme said.

It was noted that 12 councilors and a number of managers from the corporation attended the council meeting. The Mayor, Councillor Greg Cummings, announced that the meeting would have another local representative to share observations on the new proposal. As the council meeting continued, the local resident would make suggestions on the waste education plan.

Story Plan 1

The Cumberland Council has announced the conference decision from the council meetings held in the last two months. The decision was that there would be an upgrade on several of the community’s parks which include; Scout Memorial Park, Wyatt Park, New Glasgow Park, Regents Park, and Auburn’s Civic Park among others. Among them, approximately 11 playgrounds were to be upgraded as the entertainment projects of the council’s essential parks. Additionally, a playground, a variety of recreational facilities, and some outdoor sports facilities including rock climbing were to be added to the park.

News Story Plan

The news plan will attach importance to family perspective in considering security risks of the park facilities. Since the primary users of this park’s entertainment facilities are children, the news plan will lay focus on families with children. According to ABS’ statistics on the Cumberland community, the percentage of children aged 0-9 years in the Cumberland community is 7.8%, which exceeds the Australian average. There are about 53,000 families in the community, and each family has one child on average hence ascertaining the fact that Cumberland is a community with a large number of young children. Therefore, Cumberland district mums will be the primary targets for interviewing to get the details which are essential when upgrading the parks. In this case, the content of the news stories will be developed from their feelings, security risks, and concerns about the park facilities. Lastly, the interviewed objects encompass members of the organization and the organizer, Roshini Veera.

Story Plan 2

The Cumberland Council proposed a new multipurpose community center, library, and a regional arts facility at Granville. The total project cost of the new multipurpose Community Centre project was estimated at $22 million, of which $10 million was to be financed by the Cumberland council and the other half was to be funded by NSW Government’s Stronger Communities Fund. In the ordinary meeting held on May 2nd, the Cumberland Council proposed that the council had been preparing for the construction of a new council administration building at Granville. This undertaking’s goal was to bring together offices scattered in various regions. Moreover, some board members believed that the undertaking could improve the work efficiency of the council, and bring convenience for residents. However, it was noted that the new council administration building project was not included in the original new multipurpose community Centre.

News Story Plan

This news story plan will focus on interviewing councilors from the perspective of residents’ interests. Some of the questions to ask include; what are the benefits of residential facilities included in the council administration building project? Will the new council administration building project add another budget? Lastly, will New South Wales government officials continue to fund this construction plan? In this case, the answers to these questions will assist in coming up with the most appropriate strategy to be used as an effective framework in coming up with the proposed multipurpose community center, library, and regional arts facility at Granville.

Story Plan 3

At the council meetings, members have proposed a ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGN which encompasses undertaking a road safety campaign throughout the LGA (via print media, letter drops, the web, and also the community radio). This campaign aims to minimize any safety incidents that may occur concerning road safety. Some of the scenarios which might compromise road safety include; vehicles parked on footpaths and verges, vehicles parked blocking driveways, and other acts which might lead to accidents.

News Plan

This story plan will focus on traffic congestion problem. Traffic congestion is severe in Australia hence the story will focus on the influence of traffic jams on road safety. Additionally, the news will be reported from the perspective of residents’ traffic safety. The Council Road Safety Officer will be interviewed about security incidents that have happened in the past, and whether traffic jams have an impact on residents’ safety. Besides, the Crime Prevention Officer will be interviewed to offer insights as to whether criminals take advantage of traffic jams for robbery and offer insights on the consequences of manufacturing traffic jams.

Sample Linguistics Research Paper on Pronunciation Differences Between American and British Accents english essay help

Pronunciation Differences Between American and British Accents

In learning English, sounds are essential elements learned. The mention of the word “sound” when it comes to learning language brings into mind another word “accent.” Accent can be defined as a pronunciation that identifies a person’s social or religious origin. Social accents are primarily about a speaker’s cultural and educational background. Accentual variation is common between English spoken in Britain or by the British and that spoken in the United States or by Americans. According to some scholars, differences between British and American accents can be attributed to various factors including phonetic realization, phonotactic distribution, phonemic systems, and lexical distribution.

A major pronunciation difference between American and British accents is evident in vowels. Hosseinzadeh, Kambuziya, & Shariati (2015) argue that vowels can be distinguished from consonants by a less radical degree of constriction often imposed by the speaker’s lips and tongue on how air flows through the mouth. Of course, there are significant differences in how Americans and British pronounce vowels. For instance, the word “box” is pronounced differently in American and British English. The vowel “o” in the word is pronounced as /ɒ/ in British and as /ɑ:/ in American English (Hosseinzadeh, Kambuziya, & Shariati, 2015, p. 649). Based on the different pronunciation of the vowel, the British pronounce the word “Box” as /bɒks/ whereas Americans pronounce it as /bɑ:ks/. It must be noted that American vowels differ in length with this being dependent on the environments in which the vowels occur. /ɒ/ is a back rounded vowel in British English, and it is often replaced with /ɑ:/ in American English. This underscores the difference in pronunciation of the words not, block, and hot in the two accents.

Another difference in pronunciation between the two accents is witnessed in diphthongs. Hosseinzadeh, Kambuziya, & Shariati (2015) define diphthongs as “sequences of two vowels pronounced together, the two vocalic elements being members of the same syllable” (p. 650). One set of diphthongal variety between the two accents is evident in words “near” and “weird.” In British English, the diphthong in the word “near” is pronounced as /ɪə/ whereas it is pronounced as /ɪr/ in American English. Hence, the word is pronounced as /nɪə/ in British English and as /nɪr/ in American English (Hosseinzadeh, Kambuziya, & Shariati, 2015, p. 651). The word “weird” is then pronounced as /wɪəd/ in British English and /wɪrd/ in American English. Another set of diphthongal variety between the accents is evident in words “go” and “home.” It should be noted that in British English, the schwa /ə/ glides towards /ʊ/ making the tongue to move closer to the upper part of the mouth. In pronouncing the diphthong, the lips are slightly rounded while anticipating the glide toward /ʊ/ (Hosseinzadeh, Kambuziya, & Shariati, 2015, p. 651). On the other hand, in American English, the pronunciation of the diphthong often starts as a rounded vowel between /ɔ/ and /o/ but centralizes and glides towards /ʊ/. Hence, the word “go” is pronounced as /gəʊ/ in British English but as /goʊ/ in American English. This is similar to the word “home” that is pronounced as /həʊm/ in British English but as /hoʊm/ in American English.

Overall, some of the pronunciation difference between American and British accents are evident in how the two pronounce vowels and diphthongs. However, there are other accentual variations between the two when it comes to the pronunciation of specific consonants.

Reference

Hosseinzadeh, N. M., Kambuziya, A. K. Z., & Shariati, M. (2015). British and American phonetic varieties. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(3), 647-655. Retrieved from http://www.academypublication.com/ojs/index.php/jltr/article/view/jltr0603647655/200

Sample Law Coursework Paper on History of Kuwait Law college essay help los angeles: college essay help los angeles

Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state located in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in the North West of the Arabian Gulf. It borders Iraq to the North, Saudi Arabia to the South and the Arabian Gulf on the West. The country’s official religion is Islam and its officially recognized language is Arabic. One major aspect of the country which stands out is its rich history which dates back to the 4th century when the ancient Macedonians colonized part of Kuwait’s coasts. As such, different jurisdictions have impacted Kuwaiti law throughout its history. This paper will thus explore the different jurisdictions that influence Kuwaiti law throughout history such as; the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, the Arabic Nationalism, Egyptian / French civil law and Kuwaiti modern constitution.

Discussion

Islamic sharia and the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was a powerful transcontinental state that controlled much of the Arabian Gulf between 14th and early 20th centuries[1]. During its existence, the empire was governed by two different sets of laws which comprised of the Hanafi School of Islamic jurisprudence which gave birth to the Sharia law system and Kanun, a secular legal system[2]. However, the sharia law proved to be the jurisdiction system which was the most adhered to and the most encouraged. As such, the regions which were under the empire such as Kuwait as well as its neighbors were influenced to practice sharia law.  The Sharia law system was developed from a combination of the Qur’an which is the central religious text for Islam, the Hadith which were the words of Prophet Mohammed and the Qiyas which was a consensus of the Muslim community. The sharia law has maintained its influence on the jurisprudence of the Gulf States up to contemporary times. As shown by Barriste and Ballantyne, Kuwait took a bold approach in establishing a secular system of commercial law but due to the general reassertion of the Sharia Law in the region, the country has been reviewing its Constitution to align with the stipulations of Sharia Law[3].  

British Empire

Contemporary studies show that the Kuwait law has been influenced by the British Empire. The Persian Gulf Residency was an officially recognized colonial subdivision of the British colonial rule from 1763 until 1947. It covered the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and Kuwait[4]. Further, the British continued its protectorate rule on some of the states until 1971. With respect to Kuwait protectorate, the British Empire maintained its colonial rule over the state until Kuwaiti independence which was attained on June, 1961. One major influence of the British Empire was on Kuwait jurisdiction. During its colonial rule, the Kuwaitis were ruled with respect to British law systems. As such, after the attaining of its independence, the new Kuwait government sought a jurisdiction which was similar to that of the British Empire and hence went for the French Civil Law. It is ascertained that the French Civil Law contained a lot of stipulations found in the British jurisdiction. Moreover, the modern Civil Code used by the Kuwaiti government still contains some of the principle law approaches encouraged by its former colonial rulers.

Egyptian / French civil law

The year 1961 was of great importance to Kuwaiti history. Not only did the country attain its independence but also was the year that the country implemented its law system which followed a French-based civil law. The early 1960s marked an era during which Kuwait was free from any external control[5]. As such, the country was at liberty to choose a jurisdiction which it most desired and thus chose to implement the French-based civil law with the aid of Egypt. In fact, so much was Egypt’s assistance such that it was able to furnish Kuwait with machinery of justice ranging from the court of appeal judges through legal advisors and public prosecutors down to legal summons servers and legal clerks. Until in 25 February 1981 when the new Civil Code was produced, the French-based civil law was the main jurisdiction which governed Kuwait. Moreover, the French-based civil is the one which gave birth to the current Civil Code and hence most of its stipulations are still adhered to.

Arabic Nationalism

Arab Nationalism is a doctrine which rose into eminence in the 1950s and 1960s as most Arab nations gained their independence from their respective former colonial rulers.  The premise of the doctrine is that there should be religious, political, historical and cultural unity among the Arab nations. Moreover, the major objective of the ideology was to achieve independence from Western influence for all Arab countries. Studies have shown that the Arab Nationalism doctrine inspired clauses of majority of the Arab countries’ constitutions. For instance, the doctrine asserts that Arabic is the official language for any Arab nation and the source of laws should be drown from the religion of Islam. This influence is evident in Kuwait jurisdiction. In as much as Kuwait took a bold step in going for the Egyptian / French civil law after its independence. However, due to the influence of the Arab nationalism, Kuwait had to initiate reviews to its jurisdiction. Since 1971, the government of Kuwait has been reviewing its French Civil Law and this action culminated in the call for a complete review which gave birth to the modern Civil Code which aligns to the stipulations of Arab Nationalism[6]. As such, it is concluded that the Arab Nationalism ideology has influenced Kuwaiti jurisdiction.

Kuwaiti Modern Constitution

The initiative to come up with the Kuwaiti modern constitution started in 1977. This was after the issuing of orders by the Emir to set up four different committees to come up with a modern legislation. The modern legislation was to take into consideration the aspects of law which had remained uncodified and therein revise the existing legislation with respect to current and previous law experience with Kuwaiti jurisdiction. Moreover, the new codes were to be drafted within the framework of Sharia principles and had to align with the existing constitution and traditions of Kuwait. This momentous task was implemented under the supervision of the minster for administrative and legal affairs, Shaikh Salman al-Duaij who had ample experience with public law before becoming a minister in 1976[7]. After four years of work, the new Civil Code which constitutes Kuwaiti Modern Constitution was produced in October 1980 after which it became law on February, 25 1981[8]. For the first time, as stated by Shaikh Salman, Kuwait had an integrated civil code of high standards. This civil code was the final jurisdiction which gave Kuwait a satisfactory law framework. As such, the current Kuwaiti jurisdiction derives its law stipulations from the constitution.

Bibliography

Ballantyne, W. M. “The States of the GCC: Sources of Law, the Shari’a and the Extent to which it Applies.” Arab Law Quarterly (1985): 3-18.

Huneidi, Isa A. “Twenty-Five Years of Civil Law System in Kuwait.” Arab Law Quarterly (1986): 216-219

Hussain, Majid Salman. “Specifying the Elements of the Political, Social and Economic Democracy in Kuwaiti Constitution.” Journal of Law/Magallat al-Huquq 40, no. 2 (2016).

Reda, Abdul Rasoul Abdul. “A Summary of the Legal and Judicial System in the State of Kuwait.” Arab Law Quarterly (1991): 267-279.

Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Vol. 10. Routledge, 2016.

[1] Ballantyne, W. M. “The States of the GCC: Sources of Law, the Shari’a and the Extent to which it Applies.” Arab Law Quarterly (1985): 3-18.

[2] Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Vol. 10. Routledge, 2016.

[3] Ballantyne, the Shari’a and the Extent to which it Applies, 4.

[4] Huneidi, Isa A. “Twenty-Five Years of Civil Law System in Kuwait.” Arab Law Quarterly (1986): 216-219

[5] Reda, Abdul Rasoul Abdul. “A Summary of the Legal and Judicial System in the State of Kuwait.” Arab Law Quarterly (1991): 267-279.

[6] Ballantyne, the Shari’a and the Extent to which it Applies, 8.

[7] Huneidi, “Twenty-Five Years of Civil Law System in Kuwait.” 216-219

[8] Huneidi, “Twenty-Five Years of Civil Law System in Kuwait.” 216-219

Sample Essay Paper on Regrets at Deathbed free essay help

Regrets at Deathbed

            Of all the regrets that have been mentioned in the article, I have found the regret of having worked so hard in life the most surprising (Goldstein, 2013). I have been under the impression that most people, especially the less wealthy ones, would regret not having worked hard enough for themselves and their families to prosper. I usually try a lot to squeeze as much as I can out of time in terms of work, and this is a shocking revelation that I might be working too hard for my good. The expression that nobody has ever kicked him/herself on their deathbeds for missing a day of work, however, is true (Goldstein, 2013). This applies when one is employed to achieve the dreams of the employer and when in an occupation that one does not have a passion for.

 I do not think that there is anything more fulfilling than working in a sector that one has a passion for. I believe that if everyone followed their dreams, they would not have to work so hard. They would enjoy what they are doing for living so much that it would be a source of nourishment for them. Having considered that, I feel that this regret is a repetition of the one about living a life true to oneself, as that is the one that would lead a person into taking up an occupation that is his/her passion (Goldstein, 2013). Having taken that path, one would not need to work so hard. Once one is in an occupation that he or she loves, they would not have the regret of having worked so hard. Instead, the hard work would be a source of satisfaction.

Reference

Goldstein, E. (2013). Top 5 Regrets of the Dying. Psych Central. Retrieved on May 26, 2018, from https://blogs.psychcentral.com/mindfulness/2013/08/top-5-regrets-of-the-dying/

Sample Business Studies Research Paper on McDonald’s assignment help sydney

McDonald’s

Training Management

Training is a structured activity whose sole purpose is to equip an individual with the desired knowledge and skills which will enable him/her to perform certain functions more efficiently.

Training management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to coaching activities to realize the outcome of training. Effective training management goes through the training management cycle, which includes planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Planning consists of three steps; training needs assessment, training planning, and training preparation. Training needs assessment measures the gap between the actual performance and the preferred one. Both organizational and individual needs must be assessed. In training planning, instructing goals and quantifiable objectives are set and content is selected through which trainees are to acquire desired knowledge and skills. Training preparation involves the arrangement of a well-organized work plan.

Implementation refers to the execution of fore-planned actions on a fixed timeframe to achieve a particular result. In this case, the process enables the trainees to resolve specific problems. Evaluation is essential for analyzing points gained from the training and determining whether the intended result was achieved. Successful training impacts the trainees positively if not, the limiting factors are identified for future improvements.

Workforce Diversity Management

 Diversity is any unique characteristic both obvious and unseen that differentiates a person from another. Diversity characteristics can be categorized into four areas: personality (traits, skills, and abilities), internal (gender, race, ethnicity, I.Q., sexual orientation), external (culture, nationality, religion, marital or parental status), and organizational (position, department, union/non-union).

Diversity management is the process of achieving efficiency of a diverse workforce in realization of company goals through capitalization of the employee’s unique skills and characteristics. Most importantly, all employees irrespective of race, gender, or professional status should be explicitly aware that they are valuable in the achievement of the organization’s goals. Sustenance of diversity requires communication, commitment, effective strategic changes in organizational structure, and processes (Project on improvement of local administration in Cambodia, n.d)

McDonald’s Corporation, the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serves around 60 million people daily. The quality of products determines a business’ reputation, and high-quality products are created, designed, produced, and delivered by quality personnel. Therefore, a business needs to recruit quality employees to maintain its reputation. This process is more important in service-based businesses. Training is a crucial part of McDonald’s work experience and starts when one joins the McDonald’s team. Crew trainers, managers, as well as other employees work together to educate recruits about McDonald’s operations. The company promotes a conducive coaching environment, thereby helping employees realize their full potential. Apart from gaining skills and knowledge in the foodservice and hospitality industry, working at McDonald’s helps one to learn teamwork, leadership skills, communication and customer service skills, responsibility, and time management. Employees with the best attitudes and abilities ensure customer satisfaction, and it is for this reason that McDonald’s aims to attract and hire quality employees.

McDonald’s also aim to be the best employer in each community around the world. This means that developing personnel at each level as the diversity and strength of the crew provides the best opportunity for competitive advantage, and these people are the most critical assets. McDonald’s strives to ensure that employees and job applicants are selected, trained, promoted, and treated on the basis of their relevant skills, talents, and performance and without reference to race, color, nationality, ethnicity, sex, marital status, or disability. Incoming employees at McDonald’s have to be trained, and the process includes on-the-job professional training that imparts skills usable in other organizations. All recruits start their McDonald’s training by induction into the company. Trainees are also equipped with skills that enable them to operate all the eleven restaurant workstations, from customer serving to preparation of food. Their employees are required to adopt teamwork, discipline, and responsibility. They, on the other hand, learn improved communication skills and self-confidence.

McDonald’s strives to function in a ‘mentor’ role, especially for new young staff. The organization’s managers undergo special management training, which is conducted at the training center in the corporate office in Dublin. The Management Development Programme (MDP) develops the leaders that crew training selects. Additional training courses avails tools for further development of management, communication, and leadership skills. The MDP is also implemented in all the company’s restaurants. Besides, managers at any level are equipped with the technical and functional skills for maintenance of their role as leaders. The Training Consultant offers courses to address varying staff needs: Floor Manager Course including basic Hygiene, Basic Operations Course, Intermediate Operations Course, Business Management Course, and Applied Equipment Course. Presentation material, study exercises, videos, and role-play are utilized in most training courses and seminars. Most trainings are held in the Head Office but on-the-job training such as the Basic Operations Course are done in a restaurant

Diversity Management

McDonald’s commitment to inclusion and diversity is manifested in its U.S. business. Minority and women are represented at significant rates in the headquarters workforce. Hispanics are more than 29% of McDonald’s U.S. workforce and African-Americans are 19.6%. In their corporate headquarters, approximately 20% of the officers, 19% of the senior directors and directors and 25% of the managers, managers of company-owned restaurants excluded, are minorities. For women, the figures are 21% of officers, 37% of senior directors and directors, and 45% of managers, excluding company-owned restaurant managers (McDonald’s, 2000)

Diversity at McDonald’s means equal opportunity for all and a commitment to appreciating, recognizing, and valuing the differences that make each person unique. Establishment of the strategic direction and integration of diversity initiatives is the Chief Diversity officer’s responsibility, which includes workforce, education, external partnership development, and metrics. Satisfaction of culturally diverse customers is the objective. McDonald’s focuses on utilizing both diversities and the similarities among their employees, owner/operators, and suppliers. This shows that effective diversity management is a good business strategy and diversity is a founding principle at McDonald’s.

References

McDonald’s. (2000). Managing people for success. Retrieved from http://cmsnew.pdst.ie/sites/default/files/McDonaldscasestudy.pdf

Project on Improvement of Local Administration in Cambodia (PILAC). (n.d).Manual on Training Planning. Retrieved from https://www.jica.go.jp/project/cambodia/0601331/pdf/english/2_Training_01.pdf

Sample Composition Research Paper on Military Discipline essay help cheap: essay help cheap

Abstract

The United States military is mandated to ensure security and protection of freedoms and rights of the people. They secure the country’s borders from external aggressors. The unit is considered superior to others. However, there are some ethical issues touching on discipline that has considerably jeopardized the reputation of the military in its endeavors. The research aimed to compare and contrast military applied disciplines during different periods. Specifically, the study compared the period 1980-1999 and 200-2016. The research was guided by a thesis statement on application of various disciplines in the United States military for specific periods. Various aspect of literature review were conducted in regards to the superiority of American military and its effectiveness. Literature review also dissected the aspect of Army discipline being the backbone. The study engaged both qualitative and quantitative methods. Observations, interviewing, ethnographic fieldwork, analysis of text, analysis of discourse and retrieval of information form textbooks, peer-reviewed articles and materials from court rulings were used for the study. The study established that there had been considerable changes in regards to promotion of discipline over time, and the Army had initiated a more proactive approach over the same period. Besides, War had posed several disciplinary challenges for several Army units. The examinations also found out that the military was in a state of change and was consistently adapting to a manageable size as it strived to fulfill its humanitarian role. The study recommended for the continuity in the promotion of discipline within the military as it evolved to fulfill both current and future national needs of the country using approaches that reinforce cohesiveness, improved morale and success. Ethical service to the country and people should be the guiding principle of the United States military.

Evaluation of Sources

Brown, J. S. (2012). Defense transformation redux. Army Magazine, 62(11), 23-26. Retrieved from http://www1.ausa.org/publications/armymagazine/archive/2012/11/Documents/HistoricallySpeaking_1112.pdf

            Credible Author: BG John S. Chestnut (US Armed force resigned) was head of military history at the US Armed Force Center of Military History from December 1998 to October 2005. BG Brown moved on from the United States Military Academy in 1971. BG Brown served in the military for a long time, including being in charge of a tank unit in Operation Desert Storm and later as the detachment of the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood, Texas. He earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Indiana and was a history instructor at West Point.

Reliable Publisher:  BG Brown (US Armed force resigned) has a doctorate in history from Indiana University. His book, Kevlar Legions: The Transformation of the US Armed Force, 1989–2005, was distributed in 2011. All through its history, the organization has a substantial legacy and custom of meeting the most elevated models of free news-casting and has extended to distributions serving all branches of the US Military, the global defense group, the US government, and a few exceptional interests, defense-oriented industry divisions.

Accuracy:  Army Magazine takes the Army’s story and Soldiers’ issues on Capitol Hill.  Army Magazine serves as the premier voice for America’s Soldiers; we are a dedicated team committed to building the best professional and representative association for the world’s best Army. Army Magazine speaks out for the men and women of the United States Army who proudly serve our country.

            Currency: The article was published on Nov 11, 2012, by the Army Times. 

            Objectivity: The Army Times, is a trusted, independent source of news and data for the Army Times people group. It permits all Service Members and their families to depend on the print version of Army Times and ArmyTimes.com as trusted, independent sources for news and data on the most critical issues influencing their careers and individual lives.

Feickert, A. (2014). Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42493.pdf

            Credible Author: The author is an individual from the Congressional Research Service (CRS), who served in the US Special Operations Forces. The writer has composed numerous essential articles that involve DOD matters to include the innovation of equipment and policies.

Reliable Publisher:  The Congressional Research Service (CRS) works directly for the United States Congress, giving approach and lawful examination to boards of trustees and Members of both the House and Senate, paying little mind to party affiliation. As an administrative branch organization inside the Library of Congress, CRS has been an esteemed and regarded asset on Capitol Hill for over a century.

            Accuracy: The Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports are broadly viewed as top to bottom, exact, objective, and convenient, yet as an issue of policy they are not made accessible to individuals from general society by CRS, except in particular conditions. There have been various endeavors to pass legislation requiring all reports to be made available on the web, most as of late in 2012. However, none have been ordered.

            Currency: This story was published on April 8, 2016, and the research is still available on under the congressional research service which was adopted by legislative debate since 1914.

            Objectivity: The Congressional Research Service, serves as a segment of the Library of Congress, the intent is to initiate research and investigation for Congress on a broad scope of national approach issues. While numerous CRS memoranda are created because of individual Member or staff request and are private, most CRS reports are accessible to any individual who has been admitted to a congressional web.

To start with, it is obligatory to point out that the mere essence of the military discipline is an integral part of army efficiency. More than that, the establishment of the qualitative measures to execute the unified discipline and moral policies are the actions of the highest priority. Subsequently, the discipline should be perceived as the central point of the military since the army has to be highly motivated and courageous to be the efficient guarantor of the nation’s security and its citizens’ freedoms and rights. The military effectiveness, in turn, primarily relies on the morale, discipline, and training of its servicemen and servicewomen. The changing threat profile that the United States and its allies face today has led to shifts in the role, structure, and size of the armed forces, and with these changes, there is also a need not just to maintain, but redefine the discipline within the military.

Some of the present disciplinary strategies that are the true cause of the problems

Initially, it is obligatory to examine the present situation and disciplinary strategies, which are often criticized as the dominant causes of the issues within the army. Since the current situation in the military is characterized by constant changes in the branches, and the reconstruction of the US military, the global defense groups, and defense-oriented industry divisions, the current position of discipline within the army is obligatory to evaluate (Brown, 2012). In some cases, the subject can be linked with the defense transformation since the preparation and adaptability have been the weak points of the US military in the past military operation. Consequently, the aspect of discipline has played a crucial role in the current army transformation, which was initiated primarily by the governmental structures. However, it is obligatory to consider the fact that the integration of the discipline requires funding since it is the essential part of the military. Since the post-cold war can be characterized by the decrease of the funding for the military expenses, the essence of discipline should be examined as the somewhat damaged element of the US military (Feickert, 2014). More than that, a large number of individuals have noted that the military state of affairs has been corrupted since the events of the Afghan war have created a massive public awareness concerning the unethical behavior of American soldiers.

Military value and discipline in the current state

The most visible piece of evidence is connected with the evidence-based proofs that illustrate American soldiers urinating on the dead bodies of the Taliban soldiers or burning Korans during the Afghan war (Hughes, 2018). Indisputably, the past events have much contributed to the awareness of the modern times. What is more, it is obligatory to mention that the current state of affairs should be evaluated accordingly to the technological breakthroughs. For instance, the generation of the current American soldiers has access to the Internet, and more importantly, to the social media services. The generation rift suggests that the soldiers lack the sense of responsibility concerning their use since soldiers are often sharing the data that is prohibited to share. Subsequently, the lack of awareness regarding the use of the Internet and the differentiation of the personal and professional have become the common issues in the present disciplinary strategies. Additionally, it would be hard to reject the fact that recruiters are often less specialized and professional than their more experienced colleagues. However, the recent news have proved that the discipline level among the recruiters has been at the lowest level ever.

Discipline structure and effort

More precisely, the US army has aimed to launch innovative approach towards the redesigning of Basic Combat Training. Notably, a large number of commanders have reported that army newcomers and recruiters have demonstrated an extensive variety of cases regarding sloppy appearance and undisciplined attitudes (Cox, 2018). The new program will incorporate training facilities that will place a significant emphasis on forcing the recruiters to master the critical skills that all soldiers should be aware of in the combat scenarios. Undoubtedly, the new program would be launched with the aim of overcoming the notions about the lack of obedience and poor work ethics in the military. Another crucial point is connected with the careless behavior towards the uniform, equipment, and appearance of the recruiters.

Reconstruction of the organization

            Additionally, the US army has decreased attention towards the inspection and other skills that are connected with the attention to the details. Instead, the modern practices of the US military have shown the increased awareness regarding the combat skills of the soldiers. Subsequently, the focus primarily on the combat skills should be incorporated into the increased measures to promote strict discipline. More than that, John Kelly has launched a series of policies that were focused fundamentally on the increasing of the discipline within the military. However, it is often suggested that this policy is more about Trump’s decision to bounce back from months without no legislative achievement (Holland, 2017). Nonetheless, the current state of affairs in the US military should be perceived as positive despite minor issues within the discipline, the current army has proved to be better trained, motivated, and discipline than during the past decades. Then, it is obligatory to take a closer look at the period of 1980-1999.

The United States Army has adopted changing disciplinary strategies throughout both of the time periods considered

The period of 1980-1999 in the US military is often suggested as the era of the military justice. The vast majority of the disciplinary issues and violations were resolved by frequently using the military justice. In some cases, that use was beneficial to solve the common issues and disciplinary misbehavior. However, that period has to be analyzed under the scope of the military transformation during the twenty years. Some of the issues such as the drug abuses and the racial tensions were typical in the draft era of the US military. In fact, a large number of these problems took place during the Vietnam War.

Military Justice

            The year of 1980 has marked the emergence of the decisive actions towards the reconstruction of the army. The army has managed to dismiss many issues about the ranks of the soldiers, at the same time, implementing the instill discipline measures and the revamped training (Michaels, 2013). Notably, the administration of Reagan has begun integrating the resources to the military, which in turn has intensified the measures to enhance the field of the military (Fallows, 2015). More than that, the military itself has realized own failures concerning the disciplinary issues of the past; however, the essential point is that the army has changed to diminish the bureaucratized management style of the military in 1980.

The UCMJ

Since the army has changed accordingly to the increased influence of the military justice, The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) was applied during the 1990s to punish, and create deterrents against, actions such as race and gender discrimination as the Army became smaller but more diverse in its composition. The events were followed by the diminishing of the potential racial tension by launching stricter rules under the UCMJ. The military authorities have realized that the past occasions were the weak sides of the entire US army. Subsequently, the military justice in the of the UCMJ was placed as the objective of the highest priority that has resolved some of the most typical disciplinary issues and status misuse in the military structure. If to conduct the reference to the current state of affairs, it is evident that the racial prejudices are still the issue. Blacks are punished more often, which indicates that the measures of the 1980-1999 period were partly accomplished within the structure of the US military. Notably, the disparities of punishment were the crucial issue in the mid-1980s and still prove no signs to be improved shortly (Ali, 2017). One of the most significant achievements of the period is tightly linked with the events of Iraq and Afganistan wars. More precisely, the term operational reserve has become crucial in the evaluation of the Army’s two reserve components (Gentile, Linick, & Shurkin, 2017). Since that the moral of the military has increased profoundly, indicating the emergence of the qualitative interaction between generals and soldiers under the banner of discipline. However, the crucial point of the period is connected with raising awareness whether the governmental structures should enforce military discipline. The methods of the 1980-1999 period were characterized by the high influence of the military justice. The method of punishing and treating was the most commonly used, and thus was established as the resolution to the typical issues. However, the military of the US shares similarities with other militaries concerning the cause of the mistake. During the 1980-1999s era, the soldiers were forced to burden the responsibility for the disciplinary issues, which became the crucial point. The concept of reorganization and restructuring were performed accordingly to the establishment of stricter rules and often oppressive policies.

Proactivity

The exciting aspect is that several practices of punishment and treatment have resulted in the emergence of the swing to the proactivity within the military. Since the vast majority of soldiers have realized and observed the inevitable changes within the organization and the structure as well as innovative military measures, the proactivity became the most appropriate choice for a large number of soldiers. The fact that soldiers have reconsidered the failures and the mistakes of the past, the proactivity has played a crucial role in the reforms during the 1980-1999s era. In some cases, that can be explained with a threat by the military justice punishment. Nonetheless, while the Army’s use of reactive solutions to disciplinary issues was used as both punishments and deterrents in the 1980-1999 era, the 2000-2016 period has seen them applied somewhat differently. In fact, the 2000-2016 period should be analyzed under the scope of the method swing. As it was mentioned above, the primary method of the previous period was the treatment and the influence of the military justice in the structure of the military discipline.

The change of method

The new period has followed the policies of diminishing the racial tension and prejudices in the organization of the army, at the same time, conducting measures to overcome the matter of the reserve as the crucial motivational factor of the vast majority of the soldiers. The new method was relying solely on the establishment of the newly-formed programs that included the discipline as the integral aspect of the required reforms. More precisely, the army has performed the swing concerning the transition into the further training of the soldiers and recruiters. Indisputably, the military justice was still playing a crucial role regarding solving the most obvious violations and behavioral misuses. However, the military has realized that somewhat oppressive methods concerning the transformation of the discipline should be transitioned into the intensifying of the training facilities. The education of the newcomers in the form of applying more soft measures can be suggested as somewhat controversial action; however, the disciplinary issues have become the less alerting problem of the US military. Subsequently, the proper training and the implementation of the new tactics were the objectives of the highest priority. On the one hand, more soft methods have proved to have some success. On the other hand, the second period has illustrated the inability of the US military to respond to the issue of the Internet and the leaks of the secret information to the web. Due to that, the period of 2000-2016 can be characterized by the uncertainty of the American military to adjust to the new technologies in the form of the quick information sharing. Further advancement of the military should be performed since the current tendencies within the army prove that it lacks the unified and shared approach towards the regulation of the Internet use in the military.

The 1980-1999 and 2000-2016 eras have presented the Army with numerous challenges in the form of disciplinary issues.

The crucial point of the new period is connected with the uncertainty concerning the behavioral misuses and disciplinary matters. The most common concern of the modern period is linked with the lack of moral and discipline among the recruiters and newcomers.

Comparison

Compared to other nations, American soldiers have tended to show lower levels of disciplinary problems during peacekeeping missions, and when disciplinary issues have arisen, they have usually been smaller in scale and more minor in degree. In general, the statement concerning the decrease in the frequency of the disciplinary issues should be perceived as the positive outcome of the recent programs that were implemented within the military. More than that, if taking into consideration the scope of the military discipline issues, they became connected mostly with the newcomers in the army. Just the reverse, the previous era was connected mostly with severe racial tensions, disobedience and the overall harmful environment. Subsequently, it would be hard to reject the fact that the military discipline has enhanced concerning the interactions between the soldiers and the officers.

Current Issues

The current era of 2000-2016 has seen several changes in the types of disciplinary breaches and issues that occur. The most common disciplinary issue of the modern period is connected with the lack of awareness among the newcomers and recruiters. Just the reverse, the previous period was primarily focused on diminishing of the racial tension and the disobedience. It is obligatory to highlight the events of the Iraq war and the leak of the Iraq war logs by WikiLeaks. Since the company has leaked the Iraq war logs, the public became aware that more than 100,000 violent deaths occurred in the period between 2004 and 2009. However, the crucial point is connected with the fact that two-thirds of the total victims were civilians. More than that, the logs included the data about the US soldiers cutting the fingers of the detainee, which is the war crime (Brookes, 2010). Due to that, the mere existence of such logs proves that the official statistic is the unreliable source. Nonetheless, further actions and policies of the US military resolved such issues.

Disciplinary issues at domestic bases, however, have become problematic.

Since the vast majority of recent issues were connected with the haircuts, uniform, equipment, and disobedience in training, the military should pay more attention towards discovering the resolution to such problems. In fact, they are serving as the basics of the proper morale and discipline, and thus have to be overcome to reach the balance and the harmony. If to compare with military discipline issues of the past period, they seem to be insufficient. However, the proper examination proves that such occasions have to be abolished.

Conclusions

A vision-directed disciplinary strategy should be applied that has an overall goal of promoting morale and order and aligns unit needs with the more significant demands of national security, peacekeeping, and protecting American interests. The abolishing of the minor and domestic disciplinary issues are the objectives of the highest priority. Thus, proper regulation and training facilities are required. Future wars may require a more proactive response to ensure adherence to SOPs, use of force doctrines, and protection of civilians, as well. Subsequently, diminishing of the apparent mistakes should be the action of the highest priority among the military authorities.

References

Ali, S. S. (2017, June 8). Black troops more likely to face military punishment, new report says. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/black-troops-more-likely-face-military-punishment-whites-new-report-n769411

Brookes, A. (2010, October 23). Wikileaks: Iraq war logs ‘reveal truth about conflict’. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11612731

Brown, J. S. (2012). Defense transformation redux. Army Magazine, 62(11), 23-26. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://www1.ausa.org/publications/armymagazine/archive/2012/11/Documents/HistoricallySpeaking_1112.pdf

Cox, M. (2018, February 09). Low Recruit Discipline Prompts Army to Redesign Basic Training. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/02/09/low-discipline-new-soldiers-prompts-army-redesign-basic-training.html

Fallows, J. (2015, November 23). The Tragedy of the American Military. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-tragedy-of-the-american-military/383516/

Feickert, A. (2014). Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42493.pdf

Gentile, G. P., Linick, M. E., & Shurkin, M. R. (2017). The Evolution of U.S. Military Policy from the Constitution to the Present. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

Holland, S. (2017, August 04). With military discipline imposed, Trump getting more time for… Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-kelly/with-military-discipline-imposed-trump-getting-more-time-for-decisions-idUSKBN1AK1U9

Hughes, L. (2018, April 28). What Is Happening to U.S. Military Discipline? Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://mic.com/articles/7278/what-is-happening-to-u-s-military-discipline#.D9fuXPX66

Michaels, J. (2013, July 04). In the 1970s, the U.S. military struggled with morale. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/nation/2013/07/03/afghanistan-advisers-george-lepre-haynes-vietnam-conrad-crane/2484665/

Sample Nursing Essay Paper on Antibiotic Resistance academic essay help

Antibiotic Resistance

Question#1

When bacteria or viruses attack the body, the immune system is overwhelmed thus weakening the system from effectively fighting the invading bugs. In most instances, antibiotics are introduced to boost up the defense against invaders until a time when the immune system is restored to fight off the remaining bacteria (CDC, 2018). However, over time there are chances where the bacteria become resistant or immune to antibiotics. The resistance comes from the bacteria coming up with various ways to counter the antibiotics. One of the adaptation mechanisms is by genetic mutation, which is rare with each mutation yielding a different resistance outcome. Some mutations produce chemicals that inactivate the antibiotics or at other times mutations involve elimination of the targeted cells.

Question#2

Instances when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, it poses a threat to both humans and animals. It increases the likelihood of getting sick for a long duration, given that the body’s immune system is incapable of fully combating the infection (CDC, 2018). Additionally, resistance to antibiotics would mean a new strain of disease that is a threat due to no immediate cure. At times, it may lead to hospitalization in cases of humans and even death.

Question#3

Each time antibiotics are introduced into the body, sensitive bacteria are killed, but the more resistant ones are left to multiply. Improper use of antibiotics is the primary cause of drug-resistant bacteria. The rate of antibiotic use has been integrated worldwide in all fields including agriculture. It is time to reduce the use of antibiotics both in human and animals and rather focus on alternative measures to combat bacteria. According to Berendonk (Berendonk et al., 2015), there are alternative treatments in animals including vaccines and organic acids that exhibit a higher performance rate with minimal blowbacks. Antibiotic use should be used at instances when there is no alternative, although such instances are minimal.

References

Berendonk, T. U., Manaia, C. M., Merlin, C., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Cytryn, E., Walsh, F., & Kreuzinger, N. (2015). Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 310. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3439 Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25817583

CDC. (2018, 01 26). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 05 27, 2018, from Antibiotic Resistance: https://www.cdc.gov/narms/faq.html

Sample Business Studies Coursework Paper Business and Society Theme: DHL essay help cheap: essay help cheap

Business and Society Theme: DHL

Introduction

Over the last two decades, the global market completion has increased significantly due to the influences of globalization. According to Salih (2013), globalization is a phenomenon that has increased cross-border trade for both multinational corporations as well as SMEs. Over the period, the leading business entities have come up or adopted innovative management strategies to survive as well as keep up with the ever-changing transformations in a highly dynamic global environment. Along with globalization, the developments in technologies have made more companies realize how complex both the maso, micro, and macro business environments have become a factor that has led to a change in management both  from “inside” to “outside” particularly when it comes to multinational or cross-border business (Ahmed &Rafiq, 2013). As cited by Nwokah (2009), when analyzing the changes in the business environment, it is essential to discuss not only the changes that continue to take place but also the aptitude of various businesses swiftly adapting to the new profitability protocols. One business that has profited from making swift changes in the prevailing market conditions is Deutsche Post, DHL. As of 2017, DHL held the largest Express and carrier service providers’ global market share, a feat that according to Aaker (2017) is directly related to improved efficiencies in next-generation management. However, just as a company such as DHL has prevailed in the current market conditions, others have failed to make a positive impact, a factor that forms the discussion of this study.

Discussion

            Since the turn of the century, the global business environment has seen an increase in competitive activity particularly due to the increasing globalization and developments in technologies. As indicated by Grönroos (2010), there are more SMEs and multi-national organizations taking part in cross-border trade than ever before. Subsequently, there has been an increase in competition particularly in the service industry. Unlike other industries in the global market, the service industry is significantly influenced by social-economic trends considering customer satisfaction determines higher profits. According to Lovelock and Wirtz (2011), the businesses in the service industry that are quick to innovate or adapt to new management strategies are bound to meet their goals as well as become market leaders. An example of such an organization is DHL. For decades, most countries had their mailing and logistics services monopolized by government businesses; however, with increasing globalization as well as growing consumer service requirements, private entities have become the major players in the industry. DHL group, currently part of the Deutsche Post organization, is considered the number one mail express and carrier organization in the world.

Figure 1: Couriers and local delivery service providers’ global market share in 2017

Source; https://www.statista.com/statistics/236309/market-share-of-global-express-industry/

Figure 1 above represents the global market share of express and courier service providers in 2017. From the data provided, it is evident that DHL owns the highest market share in reference to its competitors. However, it should be taken to note that the current chart represents the capabilities of industries owning market shares from not only a completive market but a growing one as well. For years, government agencies have monopolized express mails as well as delivery services in most European countries; however, this has been gradually changing particularly due to the consumer expectation phenomenon. Through the nine years of its operations, the DHL group has grown to become the leader in logistics and courier industry, a factor that Doyle and Wong (2008), indicates is as a result of an efficient supply chain, improved customer service, adoption of new technologies, and human resources management

DHL Supply Chain Management

Currently, DHL is considered as one of the largest 3PL organizations in operation. The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals states that a 3PL SCM as a system where an organization provides its clients with multiple logistics services in one package (Manzini et al, 2007; Lieb, 2005). According to Rahman (2016), DHL is made up of DHL mails, DHL Express, DHL Global Forwarding, as well as DHL Supply Chain. In its different capacities, the company employs up to 350,000 employees and offers its services in over 222 countries globally. Through the aforementioned service subsidiaries, the DHL provides professional logistics and carrier airfreight, shipping, ground transport as well as international postal services in different service areas. According to Qureshi, Kumar, and Kumar (2007), the company has been able to maintain its 3PL supply chain due to extensive outsourcing. The practice of outsourcing practiced by DHL’s supply chain management reduces capital investments in equipment, streamlines facilities, and human resources, as well as provides an avenue to invest on time delivery requirements thus improving on operations. For instance, due to the growing British shopping market over the last three years, DHL mail introduced a revolutionary cross-border service for American electronic retailers and mail-order organizations called Track UK. Track UK offers its clients with cheap, reliable, customer-oriented mail services, which aid to fulfill the requirements of U.S. companies. However, Track UK is not entirely operated by DHL; subsequently, reducing investment cost while maintaining a high revenue margin. DHL has devised several ways that aid customers to expand their businesses beyond their borders. As cited by the company’s official website; currently, over 32 countries use mail-tracking services established in DHL (Rahman, 2016).  

Technology Adoption

Over the last two decades, there has been an increase in the use of technology in the supply chain context particularly through the use of the internet. According to a report by Aaker (2017), the internet has allowed companies to develop new links between operatives and customers thus increasing completive advantages. DHL has always strived to adopt new technologies in order to increase its SCM options. For instance, the company has made each link in the entire supply chain able to be monitored by different management outlets. Additionally, messages can be sent to different players in the entire system. Other technological advances adopted by DHL include;

Electronic Invoicing. This technology allows the company to complete transactions using the internet as well as mobile banking at the convenience of the customer.Computerized tracking or digital imaging. Over the last half a decade, DHL has provided its clients with the ability to track their products throughout each point of transit. This aids customers to have a clear estimated time of arrival as well as increased security.Portable printing and voice command. DHL introduced a security feature that allows clients to receive instant invoice or receipts of a transaction after receiving their products. Additionally, during the reception of the packages, their identification credentials include voice recognition thus increasing security.Barcoding advances. DHL has invested in a new delivery and inventory system that aids in making sure all deliveries are made to the right locations.

The technological adoptions mentioned above have aided in reducing the complaints received by the company over the last half a decade by approximately 41% and thus increased consumer satisfaction.

DHL Customer Satisfaction Strategies

According to Nwokah (2009), DHL management comprehends the complex nature of customer lifecycle significantly, a factor that has seen the company segment their customers into different groups. As cited by Rahman (2016), DHL customer segments include strategic customer; long-term relationship customer; and normal customer. Strategic customer segment includes the group of clients who have a significant amount of logistic needs that entail the full employment of the supply chain. Currently, the company has about 250 of such clients globally. As cited by Rahman (2016), DHL offers these clients with extensive customer-oriented services that include customized client-based satisfaction rating. Long-term relationship customers segment includes clients who frequently ask for DHL services; nonetheless, their logistic needs are much simpler than those of strategic clients. According to Grönroos (2010), DHL offers its long-term clients with special offers such as discounts on some of the deliveries. The special offers are not in any way specific to a particular client but across the board. The company uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure customer satisfaction as well as making periodic personal calls to increase profitability. DHL’s major goals in customer satisfaction strategies are based on long-term relationship customers, as they are the majority of the company’s client base. Lastly, normal clients are those who are seasonal DHL clients with minimal to no loyalty to the organization. According to Grönroos (2010), DHL has been working on strategies to increase loyalty among normal clients majorly by using coupon offers that stimulate continued transactions.  

Other than using market segmentation, DHL has other varied ways of measuring consumer satisfaction. Over the last half a decade, DHL has intensified its customer service analysis through a regional basis. For instance, In Sweden, DHL Express primarily uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as how quick the company help line picks up, resolve a customer quarry, and handle multiple customer complaints in an aim to rate satisfaction. According to Aaker (2017), the customer complaints ought to be dealt with within a specific time frame as well as resolved in a manner that allows clients with complete comprehension of the process thus increasing ratings. As referenced by Bergman and Klefsjö (2010), DHL’s strategy has worked significantly in their favor as the company has won multiple customer service awards for the best B2B customer service in Sweden. In summary, DHL’s strong customer relationship with its clients from different locations has allowed the company’s management to adapt to the industrial requirements thus offering their services with significant reliability. Subsequently, the company has been able to generate significant trust and high expectation. Since 2016, the organization has continued to develop other means of analyzing as well as increasing consumer ratings with the launch of Global Customer Solutions Program, which consists of the top100 customers. The program is geared towards developing situations where both DHL and its customers maintain a win-win situation in instances that would cost one particular party significantly.  

Conclusion

Over the last two decades, the global business environment has become more competitive, a factor that has forced managers in different capacities to find new strategies to survive or gain a significant market share. Over the course of this article, a case study of DHL, a leader in express mail and carrier services, has been used to show how changes in the micro, maso, as well macro levels of the industry have aided in making the company a market leader. Changes in the supply chain management, technical department, as well as customer service departments have seen the company earn billions and gain the majority global market shares compared to its competitors.              

References

Aaker, D. A. (2017). Strategic market management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Courier Westford, United States of America.

Ahmed, P.K &Rafiq, M. (2013). Internal market issues and challenges. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37 No. 9, pp. 1177-1186.

Bergman, B &Klefsjö, B. (2010). Quality from customer needs to customer satisfaction, Student literature AB, Lund, Sweden.

Doyle, P & Wong, V. (2008). Marketing and competitive performance: An empirical study. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 32 No. 516, pp. 514-535.

Grönroos, C. (2010). Service Management and Marketing: A Customer Relationship Management Approach. Wiley, Chichester.

Lieb, R. C. (2005). The 3PL industry: Where it’s been, where it’s going, Supply Chain Management Review, Vol.9 No. 6, pp. 20-27.

Lovelock, C &Wirtz, J. (2011). Services Marketing – People, Technology, Strategy. 7th ed., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Manzini, A. R., Pareschi& Persona, A. (2007). Logistics outsourcing: an examination of third-party providers, International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, Vol. 3 No.2, pp. 125-157.

Nwokah, N.G. (2009). Customer-focus, competitor-focus and marketing performance. Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 13 No.3, pp. 20-28.

Qureshi, M.N., Kumar, D & Kumar, P. (2007). Selection of potential 3PL services providers using TOPSIS with interval data. IEEE, India.

Rahman, S., (2016). An exploratory study of outsourcing 3PL services: an Australian perspective. An International Journal, Vol. 18 No: 3 pp. 342 – 358.

Salih, T.M. (2013). Sustainable Economic Development and the Environment. International Journal of social economics, Vol. 30 No. ½, pp. 153-162.

Sample Aviation Essay Paper on Aviation History essay help online free: essay help online free

            The development and advancement of the aviation industry was an arduous one. This is because as recent at the beginning of the twentieth century, majority of people were convinced that it was impossible to fly anything that is heavier than air. Most of the air travel at the time was by airships, but these were too big and expensive to build and operate. Having observed the behavior of the birds in the air and their wings, a group of curious inventors came up with glides that allowed them to fly for short distances in short bursts of time. The most pressing problem in the development of the airplane was to come up with a method of sustaining and controlling the flight. This would make the airplanes safer and useful to mankind.

            One of the persons who made a significant contribution to powered flight was Samuel Langley, though he did not live to see his dream come to fruition. He built a model that he called the aerodrome and tested it without the engine on. The smaller models proved workable, and he was granted money by the US government as a member of the Smithsonian to develop a plane that would be used for reconnaissance missions during the war between America and Spain. His attempt to include a powering engine into the aerodrome did not succeed, and he died with that disappointment.

 The failed attempts by Langley were followed by the experiments in gliding and manned flying that were done by the Wright brothers. The Wright brothers are considered as the first ones that succeeded powered flight, though it was proven afterward that the failure of Langley’s aerodrome was caused by lack of proper launching from the boat where it had been perched. Wright brothers discovered that the coefficients for lift and drag of their prototypes were not subscribing to those that had been set forth by earlier aeronauts. They decided to make new calculations on their own using a wind tunnel. This proved right, and they started seeing improvements in their work with each subsequent design performing better than the previous one. With the help of Charlie Taylor, they developed a lightweight gasoline engine that would be used to propel their planes. They were able to have a sustained powered flight on December 17, 1903, using a design that they called Flier 1. They continued making improvements on the design with the subsequent models being called Flier 2, Flier 3 and so on.

 The Wright brothers were very secretive regarding their experiments and flight trials. This made the media and the rest of the Americans not take them seriously in their claims of having figured out how to have sustained, powered and manned flights. They applied for patents for their designs. They were later to involve many other flight designers and plane manufacturers in legal battles over infringement of the patents. The efforts of the Wright brothers in the aviation industry were recognized both in the United States and Europe where many aeronauts were busy coming up with models and designs that would make sustained flight possible. The problem with the Wright brothers was that they were not willing to share the knowledge they had gained with regards to the design of the planes and engines. They were also on the lookout for infringement of patents by their potential competition. These actions of the Wright Brothers made them unpopular among the inventors and designers in the aerospace industry.

            The Wright brothers found a formidable foe in Glenn Curtis. Curtis had a similar background of dealing with bicycles and was also the one who invented the motorcycle. The engine design for the motorcycle proved to be sufficient for powering the airplanes. Curtis reached out to the Wright brothers several times for a possible partnership, but they ignored him. This led Curtis to team up Douglas McCurdy, Casey Baldwin and Thomas Selfridge under Alexander Graham Bell. They formed the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) that sought solutions to the challenges of sustained powered flight. Unlike the Wright brothers, Curtis and AEA were friendly to the press and were credited with many developments in aviation. The Wright brothers were quick to sue Curtis for the method of lateral stability that he used for planes, claiming that it was infringing on their patents. Curtis, on the other hand, refused to pay any royalties. This kept the two parties in litigation for many years. At the same time, Curtis went on to form Curtis Aeroplane and Motor Company in Canada that would be the first one to supply planes to the Canadian military.

            The First World War accelerated the improvements in the designs of the warplanes making the Wright-Martin Company and Glenn Curtis reap profits from having to manufacture the bombers that would be used in war-torn Europe. A compromise was reached between Wright-Martin Company and Glenn Curtis to adopt a Cross-Licensing Agreement that would replace the patents and make the manufacture of planes less costly. The end of the First World War resulted in a surplus of planes and their parts in North America. This made access to the planes cheaper and resulted in the Airmail that delivered mails using planes. The infrastructure that was prompted by Airmail formed the foundation for the later developments in the aviation industry.  

Sample Composition Research Essay proposal on Data Collection, Primary Versus Secondary essay help site:edu

The research I will conduct will be on how to develop a comprehensive career network as a career director. The goal of this research will be to determine best practices necessary to assist students chose the right career for their courses. In addition, the research will delve into ways to develop meaningful relations between the business community and schools in order to secure employment for its graduates. The reason I chose this topic is because it will provide a platform for me to successfully undertake my future career development duties.

A comprehensive career network entails creating a tailored career network model that emphasizes on its connections with the society. Both secondary and primary sources will be used to gather material. Emphasis will be paced on interviews with experts who provide the most useful information (Hox and Hennie  596). The interview from experts will be coupled with opinions from employers from various fields in the economy. Secondary sources will include but not limited to online journals and books, traditional books, and any past research on the topic (Stewart and Michael 105).

In order to complete the research, I will create the first draft of the hypothesis. I will then undertake a literature review on the topic to understand it better. After that, interview questions will be structured to help me gather primary data. I will then analyze this data and try to come up with a better career network as a career director.

Works Cited

Hox, Joop J., and Hennie R. Boeije. “Data collection, primary versus secondary.” (2005): 593-599.

Stewart, David W., and Michael A. Kamins. Secondary research: Information sources and methods. Vol. 4. Sage, 1993.

Sample Geology Essay Paper on Contemporary Environmental Issues writing essay help: writing essay help

Question 1

Food defines people in different cultures and regions globally; the preparation, the components integrated into the food, and even the presentation are influenced by the differences in cultures. At the same time, people have different perspectives when it comes to food. While others take more time in the preparation, for others, simple approaches are the best as they help eliminate the complexity and the different elements that have to be integrated to attain the outcome. Partly, this relates to the activities and roles that people have in different regions. The fast economies place more emphasis on the skill integrated into the preparation of food and the effort that led to the preparation leading to sophisticated foods and selections while those in slow-paced economies are more concerned about the taste rather than presentation.

Question 2

Michael Pollan selected bread as  food to characterize human activity as it is viewed and prepared in different ways all across the world. With the difference in preparation, there are other regions where it also is a representation of something different from what people really know about bread. Bread is a form of food in most parts of the world; in some regions, it is a form of escort taken with tea. In other regions, it is part of the main meal, while in other regions; it is a form of snack taken with beverages. These differences Pollan uses to define bread as both a product and enabler of civilization.

Question 3

In the Arab Spring, the biggest outcry of the people was the standardization of the wheat prices to allow farmers and even small families get access to the food they required. Bread is a staple food that accompanies most of the delicacies prepared, with the increase in price for bread, demonstrations began with the people demanding standard pricing for bread. In regions where wheat farming is the main agricultural practice, volatility of the global wheat market develops an imbalance in the ability of farmers and corporations to continue operating. On a global level, the volatility of the wheat market could create a huge shortage of the resource creating a market gap with some of the regions depending on wheat forced to seek alternative food sources.

Question 4

In the series, Pollan points out that the sourdough bread prepared by Richard could be edible by people with gluten intolerances. This is because it is prepared traditionallyand the yeast included is natural. The fermentation used in the development of bacteria is done in the original long way that ensures that the bacterium fully breaks down the gluten and carbohydrates in the bread. This results in ease in the release of nutrients within the bacteria and increasing the digestion process when the bread is consumed.

Question 5

Different regions have been forced to adopt different approaches to bread making in Morocco. The environment and the climate differences fromone region to another makes it difficult to ensure that the same approach is adopted across the country. Those in the heart of the desert are forced to use a different approach to making bread that allows them to use less heat and resources available. However, the ingredients applied in making the bread are similar.

Question 6

The best approach to managing the inevitable food catastrophe is investing in modern approaches to management of the environment and increasing awareness on the involvement of the community in the development of measures necessary for the development and maintenance of standard measures of environmental management. Both in North Africa and Norway, the community is continually being involved in the management strategies to enhance the positive view towards natural environment management.

Sample English Essay Paper on Inky the Octopus and the upsides of Anthropomorphism essay help websites

Inky the Octopus and the upsides of Anthropomorphism

Animals have been regarded as intelligent and with the capacity to display different emotions, learn new things and respond to stimuli. The story of Inky, the octopus who escaped from his tank in the New England National Aquarium, shows the animal’s ability to study its environment and act with intelligence. Inky did what was thought impossible by hurling itself out of the tank and supposedly finding the way to a drainage that lead to the Pacific Ocean. Through history, human characters have been attributed to animals, in a study known as anthropomorphism. For example, the ability of octopuses to recognize faces or squirrels to remember the location of their hidden nuts is found similar and comparable to human characteristics. However, a more recent school of thought, known as ‘anthropodenial’, highlights the denial to recognize that animals have human-like traits.

The author states that animals have cognitive abilities similar to human beings and thus failing to recognize this similarity is a form of denial. The key evidence in support of this view is the ability of animals to feel empathy for each other and learn from the past, thus predicting the future. In addition, animals have been conditioned to obey orders or behave a certain way through reward and punishment method showing their learning capabilities (Reiderer, 2016). Thus, there is need to recognize the connections between the human and animal abilities rather than denying them. The story about Inky’s escape, serves as an example supporting the view of intelligent or smart animals. However, by downplaying these traits, human beings have been able to propagate cruelty in animal rearing as well as harmful farming practices which destroy the natural habitats of animals.  

References

Reiderer, R. (2016, April 26). Inky the Octopus and the upsides of Anthropomorphism. The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/inky-the-octopus-and-the-upsides-of-anthropomorphism

Sample Management Essay Paper on Individual Reflection essay help 123

Individual Reflection

Introduction

Our group’s name is Fly pig, and it comprises of four members, three men and one girl. Our success as a group depends on our effective decision-making skills that are influenced by every member’s decision styles and personalities. As a group, we focus on togetherness where every person contributes and makes an effort towards ensuring that we succeed in everything we do. There are two major decision styles showcased by members of our group, which are conceptual and analytical. According to Ogarca (2015), the conceptual decision style is often common among idealist decision makers who focus primarily on compliance with some values and ethics. This style involves trusting others as well as encouraging participation. Moreover, most conceptualists are more of thinkers than people of action. Other characteristics of people with this decision style are that they are concerned with long-term results, taking higher risks, creative approaches to problem-solving, and brainstorming of alternatives. Ogarca (2015) states that the analytical style is common among decision makers who showcase tolerance for the ambiguity of tasks at hand. Their decisions are found on extensive information, and they often elaborate several decision-making options. Also, people with this decision style often neglect control. They prefer to use direct observations, facts, and data when determining the best outcome.

As one of the group members, I have two major decision styles, conceptual and analytical. The captain of our group has the analytical decision style, a style they showcase with the third member of the group. The only female in our group showcases the conceptual decision style. When it comes to personality types, I am of the ENTJ personality type that stands for extraversion, intuition, thinking, and judgment. Our group’s captain is of the ESTJ personality type that stands for extraversion, sensing, thinking, and judgment. The other male member of our group is of the INTJ personality type standing for introversion, intuition, thinking, and judgment. The female member of our group is of the ISFJ personality standing for introversion, sensing, feeling, and judgment.

Decision Style Effects on Group Decision Making

Both the conceptual and analytical decision styles have positive impacts on our group’s decision-making process. It is only me and the female member of our group who have this decision style. When it comes to decision-making, we often bring creativity, and we tend to take risks in finding answers to various questions or problems that arise (Al-Omari, 2013, p. 103). The fact that we understand complex relationships has also contributed to our togetherness. Moreover, we believe in open and truthful relationships with other group members, and this has contributed to the minimal disagreements witnessed in our group. The analytical style has also had positive effects on our group’s decision-making process. With three members of the group having this decision style, the level of intelligence in our group is at an optimum. Also, this style often favors our decision-making processes as it insists on looking for much information and considering several alternatives before coming up with a decision (Al-Omari, 2013, p. 103). Moreover, people with this style are impersonal, and this allows open and easy interaction among our group’s members.

Personality Type Effects on Group Decision Making

The ENTJ personality type is both beneficial and disadvantageous to our group’s decision-making process. According to Dunning (2016), it allows a rapid logical analysis where consideration is given to several ideas and possibilities. Besides, it ensures that our group’s decisions are pushed through quickly. However, the fact that it emphasizes the need for moving quickly often results in unnecessary corrections and revisions to decisions already made. The ISFJ personality type is beneficial to our group’s decision-making since it allows us to make careful and thorough assessments of the personal implications as well as consequences of the choices made by each member. It also helps to minimize unnecessary distractions or disruptions during decision-making process as it stresses the need to maintain the status quo (Dunning, 2016). However, at times, this personality type does not consider innovation and prefers untried ways to solve problems thus adversely affecting the group’s decision-making processes. The ESTJ personality type benefits our group’s decision-making process in that it allows us to make rapid logical analyses that consider the facts as well as the realities of the situations at hand. In line with the argument of Aneja (2017), it also allows us to accomplish immediate practical results since we decide, act, and correct whenever necessary. Its shortfall is that we often rely on impartial analysis and pay little attention to the needs of other members involved in decision-making. On the other hand, the INTJ personality type has a positive effect on our group’s decision-making process given its board systematic approach to solving problems and decision-making. It also allows us to integrate diverse options and possibilities when making decisions. However, the fact that it stresses on considering and exploring problems and decisions thoroughly makes it difficult for us to make quick decisions (Dunning, 2017).

Team Development and its Effect on Group Decision Making

In achieving team development, our group often focuses on attending thorough training sessions where we learn more about communication and how to improve our interactions and relationships. We also develop our team by integrating technology such as smartphones. One of the effects of such development initiatives is that they have made decision-making faster and easier as compared to before (Marold, Lassalle, Schöbel, & Manzey, 2015). Also, we can easily determine whether a decision we come up with is right or appropriate for our group.

Future Improvements

To improve our team’s performance, we are considering various initiatives such as facilitating communication as a team and between individual members, setting clear work objectives and expectations, setting ground rules that every member will be expected to follow, creating a method for reaching consensus, as well as celebrating our accomplishments and celebrating the efforts and contributions of each member.

Reference List

Al-Omari, A.A., 2013. The relationship between decision making styles and leadership styles among public school principals. International Education Studies, 6(7), p.100. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1068554.pdf

Aneja, G. (2017, October 02). The ESTJ Personality Type and Decision-Making. Retrieved from https://careerassessmentsite.com/estj-personality-types/mbti-test/myers-briggs-test/estj-decison-making

Dunning, D. (2017, January 10). INTJs and Decision Making. Retrieved from http://www.dunning.ca/blog/intjs-and-decision-making/

Dunning, D. 2016, November 14. ISFJs and Decision Making. Retrieved from http://www.dunning.ca/blog/isfjs-and-decision-making/

Dunning, D. 2016, September 06. ENTJs and Decision Making. Retrieved from http://www.dunning.ca/blog/entjs-and-decision-making/

Marold, J., Lassalle, R., Schöbel, M. & Manzey, D. (2015). Risk, uncertainty and decision-making. Retrieved from https://www.foncsi.org/en/publications/collections/industrial-safety-cahiers/group-decision-making-training/CSI-NDM-decision-making-training.pdf

Ogarca, R.F., 2015. An investigation of decision making styles in SMEs from south-west oltenia region (Romania). Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, pp.443-452. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212567115000957/1-s2.0-S2212567115000957-main.pdf?_tid=41cfe68a-e21a-45e7-9f91-7e884c0443ea&acdnat=1527496064_3af763bb1b751104bf3521ea3f976d44

Sample Aviation Essay Paper on Air Transportation: A Management Perspective college admission essay help: college admission essay help

Chapter 8 Summary

Chapter eight entails a comprehensive exposition on the organizational management in the airlines industry. As asserted by Wensveen (2015), management is the coordinated performance of five specific issues which are; planning, staffing, organizing, controlling. These issues are coordinated in order to achieve organizational goals. The chapter starts by asserting that management in the airlines industry was simpler in the past than in contemporary times. By contrasting the current number of employees employed by airlines with past numbers, it is shown that contemporary airlines require complex and sophisticated organizational management so as to cope with the increased airlines’ activities. Additionally, chapter 8 explores on different levels of management. Some of the discussed levels include the operating management, middle management and top management (Wensveen, 2015). In most cases, a typical airliner will have a pyramid hierarchical management whereby the numbers of individuals lessen we go up the management levels. The chapter then discusses on the roles of different levels of management in addition to postulating on the best decision making strategies to encapsulate in management. Further on, the chapter discusses on the new airlines’ corporate structure and takes into consideration the advantage held by newer economical carriers over their former counterparts.

Management is given a significant consideration by Wensveen (2015). The main tools of management, and more so in the airline’s industry are supervisory skills. It is with effective supervisory skills that it becomes possible to come up with effective policies, organizational objectives and efficient human resource management. A crucial prerequisite to effective management is the understanding of the organizational chart by the respective management. In this case, the organizational chart depicts the formal authority relationships between management and subordinates at different hierarchical levels. Additionally, organizational chart also shows on the communication channels within an organization and helps in showing how an organization’s decisions are made. Lastly, the chapter discusses on major departments under different administrations and their roles in ensuring that organizational management is carried out in the best way possible. Effective management results to an airliner attaining competitive advantage over its peers and hence being able to make profits in the competitive airlines industry.

Description of a major airline’s management structure (South West Airlines)

South West Airlines (SWA) uses a functional organizational structure. The structure is made up of three layers. In the first layer there is the senior executives headed by the company CEO, Garry C. Kelly. The second level is made up of departmental leaders who supervise on the lowest level which is comprised by the rest of the employees. Just like in a typical functional structure, most decisions are made by the topmost upper management. This approach ensures complete control of the airlines by the management and provides a clear trajectory to be followed by the employees. Moreover, the structure provides efficiency and stability in large organizations such as SWA since all the members of the human capital use similar processes. The functional approach further allows the airliner to advantage of economies of scale since the management of a large employee base is entrusted to a small management unit hence increasing accountability and responsibility in management. However, it has been noted that despite the benefits which comes with the functional approach, it is also faced with poor communication between different departments and hence often leads to poor services to customers especially in situations whereby a customer issue needs to be addressed by different departments.

References

John G. Wensveen (2015). Air Transportation: A Management Perspective 8th Edition, Routledge.

Sample Business Studies Coursework Paper on Discrimination against Disability (Simulation 2) melbourne essay help

Simulated Case

According to Martin Leclerc, a floor manager at Revere, a promotion position to general manager was offered to another individual due to his disability. Martin, a war veteran who took part in the war on terror efforts in Afghanistan, believes that his psychological disabilities have been the main reason as to why his employers have overlooked his abilities as an administrator. In 2001, Martin took part in protecting his country from terror when he engaged in the war efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq where he spent seven years of active duty before he returned to the U.S. and went through the transition from a military officer to a civilian. On arrival in the United States, Martin had a hard time making a swift shift to civilian life due to conditions brought about by PTSD. Nevertheless, his military grit was evident when he landed a job for Revere. After three years of loyal and efficient service, Martin was offered the floor managers job and things looked to work well for him. However, for almost half a decade he has never had any other positional upgrade though he believes that he deserves one. Over the course of his service, two of his former junior staff have been promoted to regional managers while he has been overlooked. According to Martin, he has been discriminated against because of his suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In the course of his service, Martin has been known to be ‘aggressive’ towards his subordinates with a number of cases being brought forward about his threats to physically confront individuals who he stated were ‘out of line’. According to one of the company directors, although Martin has shown dedication, he constantly has run-ins with both staff members and occasionally clients he considered stubborn. However, this is not the reason as to why he has been overlooked in the past for a manager’s position, as his subordinates were better qualified during the time the regional position jobs were promoted.   

Case Details. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 brought about an increased awareness of individual rights protection from any form of discrimination, a factor that saw the creation as well as implementation of the Disabilities Act of 1990 ADA. Congress passed the ADA bill to law to protect the rights of people who are known to have major activity due to physical as well as psychological impairments. However, the definition has gone through several amendments to become all-inclusive towards other forms of disabilities or illnesses such as substance abuse as well as other formally unclassified learning disabilities such as dyslexia (Schwochau & Blanck, n.d.; Gordon and Shelby 79). From the information mentioned above, it is evident that the definition of disability is significantly broad particularly due to the sighting of limiting of major life activity as the primary criteria for inclusion. It is for this reason that Martin is a legally disabled individual considering that he is unable to conduct major life activities due to the effects of PTSD. According to Jackson, individuals suffering from PTSD particularly those of who went through significant violence such as war where an individual is exposed to extreme cases of abuse and killing cases of recurrent flashback episodes as well as nightmares can disrupt day-to-day activities (pp. 13-15).

In the employment of discrimination cases, such as the one presented, there exist two types of instances, those that involve direct evidence and those that involve indirect evidence. As cited by Jones, cases that have direct evidence are those where the plaintiff has proof beyond doubt indicating discrimination against a disability; however, in most instances, it is difficult to show direct evidence towards discrimination subsequently creating grounds for a case with indirect evidence (78). In such a case, the plaintiff has probable cause for discrimination against disability that can be proven in a court through conduct from the accused. In cases that involve indirect evidence, the U.S. Supreme Court in the McDonnell Douglas Corporation v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973) set a number of presidencies that work as follows;

•    Firstly, the plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of discrimination that is particular to a disability. After arrival to the U.S., Martin was diagnosed with PTSD from the time spent on the frontline, a factor that significantly contributed to him being overly aggressive and irritable to his subordinates particularly when under pressure from work. However, his employers knew of his condition. According to him, his employers saw it unfit to have him as a regional manager or the face of their company while suffering from periodic lapses of aggression that at times was directed to clients. In the plaintiff’s case, a promotion to a regional manager would take away a significant amount of stressors as a floor manager, a factor that would aid in allowing him to develop as a professional as well as on a personal basis; subsequently, being overlooked more than twice was a clear evidence of discrimination.

•    Secondly, in the instance the plaintiff establishes a Prima Facie case, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant to articulate a legal reason against claims presented to the court. Martin’s employers state that he was never overlooked or discriminated upon but was allowed equal privileges during the job application process and to them, the plaintiff cannot meet a prima facie case because the company did not continue to seek applicants soon after finding a suitable candidate. According to Revere, the two selected subordinates had taken up an image and managerial course held by the company, a requirement that had to be held for the regional managerial position. Nonetheless, Martin constantly claimed that he did not need to attend or pass such as course due to his experience.  

•    Thirdly, in the case where the defendant is able to show the innocence of nondiscriminatory reason for an employee’s complaints, the plaintiff must prove by the preponderance of the evidence that the reasons provided by the defendant were nothing but excuses for discrimination.  According to Martin as well as several of the company staff, there are a number of regional managers who have not gone through the managerial course placed by the company and the regulation was new. Additionally, according to known company policy, the time spent on active service offers an individual a significant advantage in the promotion, a program set by the HR department to retain high-quality staff. In both instances that Martin was overlooked for the regional managerial positions, the individuals picked not only had less working experience at the firm but had previously worked as his subordinates.

Verdict. It should be taken into consideration that throughout the case, the plaintiff has the final burden of persuasion and from the case; Martin has presented the court with significant reasons that highlight discrimination against his disability. It is evident that according to ADA and ADAAA standards, Martin is considered legally disabled, additionally, his employers know of this situation. His constant aggression and irritability may then be a reason as to why he may not be considered for the managerial job, a factor that highlights discrimination. Martin’s employers had the chance to communicate with the plaintiff and subsequently explain the reasons as to why he may not get the job, a factor that may lead the plaintiff to find professional help. Additionally, his employers failed to take into account that as a floor manager the plaintiff is exposed to much higher stress factors than at a regional managerial post. It is for this reason that arguably Revere is found guilty of discrimination against disability. 

Works Cited

Gordon, Michael, and Shelby Keiser, eds. Accommodations in Higher Education Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): A No-nonsense Guide for Clinicians, Educators, Administrators, and Lawyers. Guilford Press, 2000. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fCAqi_h-He0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Gordon,+Michael,+and+Shelby+Keiser,+eds.+Accommodations+in+higher+education+under+the+Americans+with+Disabilities+Act+(ADA)&ots=cqruJtmswW&sig=6y6Aa2NzTvGdcQdra0-RIkGzEdQ

Schwochau, Susan, and Peter David Blanck. “Economics of the Americans with Disabilities Act, Part III: does the ADA disable the disabled.” Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L. 21 (2000): 271. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/berkjemp21&div=15&id=&page=

Jackson, James C., et al. “Variation in Practices and Attitudes of Clinicians Assessing PTSD‐Related Disability among Veterans.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 24.5 (2011): 609-613. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jts.20688/full

Jones, Melanie K. “Disability and the Labour Market: A Review of the Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Economic Studies 35.5 (2008): 405-424. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/01443580810903554

Sample Aviation Coursework Paper on Systems of Aviation write my essay help: write my essay help

Systems of Aviation

 Aviation is a critical sector around the world. According to Maier, as cited by Harris and Stanton (2010), aviation is considered to be a system of systems due to its five fundamental traits, which include managerial and operational independence of elements, possessing emergent behavior, evolutionary development, and geographical distribution of elements. Each system operates independently to perform functions such as aircraft operations, traffic management and control, and maintenance. Independent organizations also manage the systems, but they are governed by the same international regulations and operational guidelines. These systems play significant roles during flights. (Harris & Stanton, 2010).

Various systems are involved in enabling an aircraft to take off and land. The flight control systems ivolve the manipulation of the naircraft by the pilot to achieve attitude and direction. Flight control is divided into primary and secondary levels. The former is responsible for safe flights and comprises the ailerons, elevators, and rudder. The ailerons control the roll angle, the elevator is in charge of the pit angle, and the rudder controls the yaw angle (Stengel, 2016). The latter improves the performance of an aircraft. It comprises of high lift devices, such as flaps, slats, trim systems, and flight spoilers. Another flight control system, which is the basic one, is mechanical. Mechanical equipment includes tension cables, rods, counterweights, and pulleys (Moir & Seabridge, 2008). For larger aircraft, hydraulic systems are used to help overcome the aerodynamic forces. Lastly, the air traffic control system coordinates the movement of numerous flights in the sky to ensure they do not collide. Air traffic controllers guide aircraft during takeoff and landing and direct them to safe airspace during bad weather.

Aviation is a system because it involves various distinct performances that are executed independently. Flight control, mechanical control, and the air traffic control systems coordinate to enable an aircraft to fly from point A to B,

References

Don Harris, Neville A. Stanton. (2010). Aviation as a system of systems: Preface to the special issue of human factors in aviation. Ergonomics 53.2 (2010):145-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130903521587

Stengel, R., (2016). Aircraft Flight Dynamics – Aircraft Control Devices and Systems. MAE 331. Pp. 1-35. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE331Lecture10.pdf

Moir, I., & Seabridge, A., (2008, April 10). Flight Control Systems. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470770931.ch1

Sample History Term Paper on Amy Tang’s Biography/Profile buy argumentative essay help: buy argumentative essay help

Background Information

Amy Tang is an American Asian living in East Bay, California. She was born and brought up in Guangdong, Guangzhou, China. Much of her childhood was spent in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong, a coastal province of Southeast China which borders Macau and Hong Kong. Due to the geological positioning of her home area, she was exposed to a mixture of cultures and hence grew with a desire of exploring the world. Her family is from the Tang Empire, a Chinese dynasty that was preceded by the short-lived Sui dynasty. By identifying herself with a family with an honorable family tree dating back to ancient times, Amy has cemented the identity of a person with high degrees of rectitude and a person who follows the high moral standards taught in her old and beautiful former elementary and O-level schools. She recalls that she grew up in a loving environment with both parents, a brother, and several sisters. However, life in China proved to be hard for, and hence, she sought ways through which she would be in a better position to support her parents and siblings. It is this desire to make a better living that saw her find her way to the United States of America.

Early Life and Adolescence

The early life of Amy Tang was interesting. Having been born in a loving family comprising of two parents, a brother, and two sisters before China’s one child policy could be implemented, she had a life surrounded by many family members. She recalls that her father doted on her and loved her immensely. This love made her to grow with a great and positive perception on life. Since her home place Guangdong, was the cradle of trade between China, Macau, and Hong Kong, her parents participated in trade activities. Her father used to trade in household goods and often imported them from Hong Kong before selling them in Guangzhou and Macau. Often times, he would take Amy with him during his local trade activities, an action which led to her developing a keen interest in business activities. Perhaps, this would be the interest which paved her into the career of an accountant. However, during her childhood, trade was slow and often her family was engrossed in economic turmoil. As such, despite the fact that her early life was fun, it was affected by a lack of sufficient funds, a fact which affected most of the families in socialist China. She remembers that her father always emphasized on the importance of education. He often rewarded her when she did well in her elementary studies to encourage her to put some more effort in education. As she states that her father is amongst the most influential figures in her life.

Interestingly, Amy asserts that her adolescence was not marred with interaction with boys like the typical girl’s adolescence. She was brought up in a strict and conservative family which did not encourage boy-girl relationships. So bad was the situation that her month once reprimanded her heavily when she found out that she was talking with a boy from her senior elementary class. To be in good terms with her parents, Amy decided that it would be beneficial to stay away from any interaction with boys,especially in her neighborhood. As such, most of her adolescence period was spent studying, helping with household chores or spending time with her girlfriends. The fun activities she recalls doing were going to the market or on chaperoned camping expeditions. Moreover, she often went to the nearby Guangdong beaches where she dreamed of conquering the sea and finding her way to the other side of the world.

Education

Amy Tang’s early education was attained in China, her home country. She remembers that her elementary school was an old but beautiful school which was known for its excellence in academics. Her parents were enlightened on the importance of education and thus they were a crucial pillar in are learning endeavor. Her favorite subjects were mathematics and history studies. After excelling in her elementary education, she proceeded to Chaozhou Nanchun High School for her O level education. This is a prestigious school founded in 1976 by China’s president Zhuang Jianguo. High school education brought out her character, strengths, and weaknesses. She developed excellent interpersonal skills while in high school due to living with a multitude of students in a boarding school. Moreover, it was in high school that she honed her skills in accounting and decided that this was the field that she wanted to build her career on. However, just like in other high schools in China, Amy was subjected to the pressure of the infamous Gaokao, the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, which is a prerequisite for entrance to undergraduate education. In her Gaokao, she garnered an impressive 600 out of 750 marks in accounting major, and consequently, her life was set as an accountant.

After scoring high grades in her final high school education, the next aspect which influenced her career would be the higher level institution which she would choose. Since her parents had made savings during her years in elementary and secondary education, she convinced them to allow her to seek collage education in the United States. As such, at the age of 18 years, Amy Tang left for the U.S. where she enrolled for her diploma in accounting at California State University in Los Angeles. At the college level, she worked very hard and got distinctions in her grades. However, during her final year in her CPA certification, Amy failed to study well enough and hence failed miserably, an experience she describes as her worst disappointment. Due to this failure, she had to retake her CPA. Additionally, her life in college was marred with acute lack of money since it was hard for her parents to pay for her tuition fees and still be able to cater for her pocket money. In order to supplement her pocket money, she had to work part-time jobs. She fondly states that she was so good at her part time jobs such that she made enough money to ensure that she had a comfortable life in collage. After three years of college education and an additional two years dedicated to covering CPA certifications, Amy became a qualified accountant. Now, she was bound to experience the next level of her life which entailed looking for a sustainable income.

Looking for a Job

Amy asserts that her job hunting was  the most frustrating yet interesting period of her life. Despite the fact that she had scored desirable grades and had graduated among the best students, jobs were not forthcoming. Often, she got job leads which were not remotely connected to her major, and hence, she had to turn them down irrespective of their lucrative salaries. Often, she felt that she was being discriminated on the basis of her race since she would go for interviews with individuals whom she had better qualifications only for her competitors to get chosen. Two months after starting job hunting, she was hired as an accountant in a small pharmaceutical company. However, her superior proved to be too demanding and hard to work with. As such, she had to quit her job and start all over again. On her second attempt, she secured the post of an accountant at a prestigious local company in California hence marking the end of a gruesome job-hunting period. However, it is this gruesome job-hunting period which built the resilient spirit in Amy which was necessary for her to handle future challenges in her career.

Significant Accomplishment

After settling in the United States, Amy Tang fell into the rhythm of the American dream. Since she was already a qualified accountant, getting a job in the accounting field was an easy endeavor. However, within a short period, she got to the painful realization that one job would not sustain her. As such, she needed to find extra jobs to supplement her income. This turn of events saw her accepting an evening job as a cashier in a Starbucks store at East Bay, California. With these two jobs, she was able to live a desirable lifestyle which enabled her to live in her own house, buy a car and have enough money to send to her family back in China. However, Amy still wanted to make a better living which did not not encompass working more than twelve hours per day. As such, she started her own company which dealt with assisting customers in various issues such as filing tax returns, calculating the value of investments, and making wise investment decisions, among other financial services. From a humble beginning as a small company, Amy’s firm has grown tremendously into a medium-sized firm which hires five other individuals to assist in operational activities. This company has made it possible for Amy to be her own boss thereby working for less hours per day hence leaving enough time for her provide life. Moreover, it is through the company that Amy met her best friend, May Jinping, whom she has grown to love as a sister.

Leisure Activities

California offers Amy a great environment to explore leisure activities. Amy likes going to the beach with her friends to bask in the Californian sunny beaches. Additionally, she goes on camping expeditions on California’s mountains such as the snowcapped Mount Shasta and the mammoth mountain, among others. Amy also goes for cinemas in California’s highly developed movie cinema theaters. Moreover, Amy has joined several travelling companies which offer lucrative travelling packages to help in touring the state at a minimum cost. This opportunity has helped her to be able to tour most of the notable tourist attractions such as Yosemite National Park, Redwood National Park, SeaWorld San Diego, Venice Beach, Disneyland, and Lake Tahoe, among other attractive destinations. However, though Amy is an extroverted person, she also loves time for herself to read motivational books in the quiet of her home. Specifically, Amy states that she feels much at home in East Bay, California. She further asserts that she would like to live with her best friend during her stay in the United States.

What it means to be a Californian

California has a rich history. The state has been inhabited for thousands of years even before the Europeans migrated to North America. Initially, the state was occupied by American Indian tribes such as Mohave, Chumash, and Maidu, among others. These Indians were mostly peaceful tribes who hunted, fished, and gathered their foodstuffs from the environment. In 1579, the state was claimed as the land for England by British explorer Sir Francis Drake after which settlement began within the following two hundred years. The state would still come under the influence of the Spaniards who built missions in California before being claimed as part of Mexico after the country attained its independence from Spain. In the 18th Century, many settles were arriving in California, and soon, they revolted against the Mexican government and declared California as an independent country. However, the U.S. and Mexico went to war and California was reinstated as the 31st state of the United States of America. The state is remembered for the infamous 18th-Ccentury gold rush which saw thousands of people move into the state in search of gold. After the gold rush, people still moved into the state in search of agricultural land. In the 19th Century, California’s Hollywood became a favorite for motion picture companies to set shop which grew into the international movie industry in Hollywood. Currently, the state boasts of a robust economy which is supported by its stellar movie industry, as well as its agricultural and trade activities.

For a legal immigrant such as Amy, living in California has been an interesting experiemnce. Although she asserts that she has had to overcome a lot of stress while fitting in California, she is also quick to state that no other state would have been better than where she is. Particularly, the immigration department in the state has been welcoming and quickly processes her work permit to be able to work in the state. Moreover, due to the state’s rich history which encompassed numerous people from different ethnicities moving into the state during the gold rush and the agricultural settlement era, the state is not patronized by a particular race but rather it boasts of cultural and racial diversity. This diversity is further supported by the Hollywood movie industry which features people from all nations. As such, it was easy for Amy to fit in California. Additionally, the state provided numerous opportunities for her accounting skills, and hence, after starting up her own financial company, it did not take long before the company grew exponentially. Being a state with expanse coastal regions, just like in Amy’s native Guangdong in China, California offers a relaxing environment for Amy and her friends.

Sample Aviation Essay Paper on Airline Passenger Marketing get essay help

Airline Passenger Aviation

Airlines, just like other companies, need to conduct marketing activities to promote their business. Across America, approximately one-third of all career employees are engaged in marketing and marketing strategies. Major marketing teams’ activities for airline careers involve flight attendants, ticketing, customer service, food services, cargo handling, baggage handlers, reservation personnel, and market research analysts. Marketing includes a broad range of business activities that govern operations by carrier agencies to facilitate goal attainment. Major encompasses[a1]  activities such as selling, forecasting, product research and development, price regulation, advertising, promotions, and market research analysis. The focus of marketing in an organization is to expand the consumer base and experience. 

Airline agencies marketing strategies have evolved. Through marketing, airlines are venturing into research, innovation, and investment in diverse fields. A sharp marketing team can increase a company’s fortunes with the right strategies. Airline carriers are sophisticating their assets as well as marketing strategies to improve their opportunities. Airline service providers are gradually adopting modern marketing strategies. However, there is a disconnect on the research field that limits the growth of major companies. Poor quality marketing research omits important aspects of client base expansion. The prevailing business environment before the U. S. Deregulation Act of 1978 did not require intense marketing activities (Wensveen 2011). [a2] Airlines had the monopoly for trade routes thus did not need to market their services.

            The 21st century has witnessed massive investment into marketing by airline carriers. Companies are shifting their focus to developing their opportunities by winning more consumers through quality services, and more significant experiences. These developments require intensified marketing activities to address destination and consumer concerns following the growing competition in the airline sector. Massive investments in marketing, however, does not guarantee success to organizations. The forecasting strategy only predicts the future trends subject to the general environment. If there is a change in the current climate, airline companies must put in place adequate contingency plans to shield the entity from adverse effects. 

Best Performers in the Sector

The post-war period has witnessed massive changes in the business world. Airline service providers have also intensified their operation and businesses. Companies are designing new products to appease consumers and boost confidence from partners. Airliners have battled off competition from other transport modes such as water and land as the safest, most convenient, and most reliable avenue. Companies have adopted more sophisticated devices to increase the quality of services. Moreover, large inputs have been reserved for further engagements of convincing clients and sales-oriented activities.

Airline providers are venturing into different research to guide new products and services. Based on a niche in the market space, evelopers are investing in new production to fit consumer demands. Developers are now moving to scheduled and unscheduled services to different destinations. When developing airline business plans, investors must consider the nature of services and amenities for clients. These may include luxury, midrange, low cost, and No-Frills Charters. Other services include food and bar facilities at destination and onboard. Airline providers are determined provide consumer comfort through entertainment, food, and beverage.[a3]  Other avenues of increasing company’s fortune include passenger seat weight restriction. Cargo and freight services have influenced investors fortunes over the years. Additionally, baggage restriction has become an admirable venture for airline providers. 

The financial report for the year 2013 places delta airline at the helm of baggage fee-earners (Wensveen 2011). [a4] Success may be attributed to increased research on career opportunities. Airline providers have increased their personnel and capacities to come up with development strategies and improve their gains and credentials among competitors. Another factor that contributes to company’s fortunes is the deregulation policy. Airline services are now competing for lines, and routes across the globe in an open market system. 

Reference

Wensveen, John (2011). Air Transportation – A Management Perspective.pdf | Airlines | Aerospace. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/124958163/Air-Transportation-A-Management-Perspective-pdf.[a5] 

 [a5]Format appropriately. Surname and inititials, provide the year of publication and an accessible URL link.

Sample International Relations Speeches Paper on Russia Should Stop Making Nuclear Weapons history essay help: history essay help

The onset of modern civilization triggered animosities with nuclear arsenal being by far the worst of them. One only needs to look at the sheer devastation that the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings brought to understand the danger that nuclear arms pose. The fact that countries are modernizing their nuclear arsenal poses an even more significant threat to human survival. The 1945 atomic bombs pale in comparison with those of countries such as Russia today, which have bombs with over one thousand times more capability. The danger these weapons pose to the environment and innocent civilians should send a stark warning that the world was and will be better off minus nuclear arms. As such, Russia should consider the plight of innocent people and the environment at risk of nuclear devastation, and therefore, halt its nuclear ambitions.

The time of supremacy being the most effective mode of solving disagreements is long gone. Moreover, history has shown that dialogue can work if given a chance. Although critics argue that nuclear weapons act as deterrents against a possible World War 3, it would only take one rogue finger for them to plunge the world into oblivion. If nations, such as Russia, halted their nuclear aspirations, then the likes of North Korea, Pakistan, and India would follow suit. The threat that Russia poses to Europe alone could be the biggest motivation for Europe to arm its army with nuclear weapons. Secondly, Russia is experiencing a political insurgency from the mountainous North Caucasus region. If these insurgents were to obtain Russia’s atomic piles, then the result could be catastrophic.

Lastly, Russia barely meets its citizens’ essential needs since millions of them are unemployed, and its economic state is dwindling and deplored. Halting its nuclear ambitions and injecting billions of dollars, which the nation would have used in the venture, in meaningful ventures would spur its economic growth. The prospects of a nuclear-free Russia are brighter than those of the nation with the weapon. It is, therefore, a matter of responsibility rather than coercion for Russia to stop making nuclear weapons.

Sample Education Coursework Paper on Howard Gardener: Five Minds for The Future aqa unit 5 biology synoptic essay help

Observation Paper

Video 1: Howard Gardener: Five Minds for The Future

I anticipated learning about multiple intelligences and how to apply them. The video matched my expectation as Howard Gardner discusses a new concept of five minds which are related to the various types of intelligence. He discusses the disciplined mind, synthesizing mind, creating, respectful and the ethical mind.

Key topics addressed in the video

In the video, Gardner proceeds to discuss the five minds and how they are going to be important in the future. He says that each person should strive to cultivate and develop the various minds for the greater good of the future society. Most importantly, the five minds can only be developed through education. He, however, emphasizes the need to move away from traditional education practices as they are quite conservative and do not allow the mind to expand and create things. Gardener introduces the concept of the disciplined mind as the ability to think in ways associated with the major scholarly disciplines like science, history, math and even law. Many students have not mastered the art of thinking in a disciplined manner. To make this possible, teachers need to appreciate the difference between subject matter and discipline. Second, Gardner addresses the synthesizing mind as the things we pay attention to or ignore and why we do that. It is how we put things together in a way that we can hold on to such that it sticks in the mind. Synthesizing is a crucial content to teachers as it helps young people understand concept and ideas.

The third topic addressed is the creating mind. This is the mind that comes up with new questions and answers outside the box. It comes up with new solutions and ideas across different genres. Students have to be made to deal with tough things to bring out their creative mind. Thus, educators should make it a habit to cultivate the creating mind of students in new and wider areas. The respectful mind is able to respond to differences among individuals and groups. Gardener says it involves giving people and giving them the benefit of doubt by virtue of being human beings. Respect begins at birth and proceeds when the child grows and observes the environment. The ethical mind is that which is able to continually strive towards good to fulfill the roles of a good citizen. Gardner says that there is no universal ethics that determine what people live by. Ethical workers depend on their own guiding principles.

Lessons from The Video in Relation to My Life/Career as A Respiratory Therapist

As a respiratory therapist, I can get many lessons from the lecture “Five Minds for The Future.” To begin with, an ethical mind should be every medic’s pillar. More often than not, I come across patients willing to bribe me so that I can prescribe double doses for them. My ethics often guide me in such cases. The same applies to the respectful mind in that I always avoid forming stereotypes based on how a patient looks like. The creating mind, synthesizing mind, and the disciplined mind, are also relevant to my profession.

Video 2: The Five Principles of Highly Effective Teachers

I expected the video to be a guideline on how teachers can improve themselves for efficacy and success in the classroom. True to my expectation, the video had valid points that explain how teachers can motivate students to be achievers. In the video, Pierre, the former CEO turned teacher takes his time to give practical and real-time steps that he took to help improve the performance of his learners. Those are relevant steps that every teacher can use to motivate their learners to ultimate success even in the future.

Key Topics Addressed in The Video

Pierre Pirard believes that every teacher has the ability to improve the learners’ performance and even change their line of thought towards their future through proper leadership skills. Strong leaders are able to apply the five principles to ensure their success in their career. According to Pirard, the principles are:

The belief that one can achieve great results: In the video, Pierre says that teachers have to believe that every student has the ability to achieve great results and make it known to them.Setting goals: Teachers should take it upon themselves to set goals that are ambitious, measurable and meaningful to students.Making the goals an everyday priority and working to achieve them: According to Pierre Pirard, investing in learners requires the teacher to move out of their comfort zone and get to know some of their students’ families.  Planning to ensure the goals are met: this involves planning backward to create the path to success. Working hard: Pierre concludes that both the teacher and the students have to work extra hard to achieve their goals.

Lessons from The Video in Relation to My Life/Career as A Respiratory Therapist

I find Pierre Pirard’s principles very relevant both in my life and career. In my career as a respiratory therapist, I have often met patients on the verge of giving up due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. This is a condition that makes it difficult to breathe due to increased sputum in the lungs. Many older patients often lose the meaning of life when they go through such episodes. I usually have to remind them to believe in themselves that they shall be well.

Video 3: Classroom Management

I anticipated a video discussing how best to manage the classroom while emphasizing the habits that should be encouraged in the classroom because they keep students organized, attentive and focused and behaviors that should be avoided. The video matched my expectation as it was a more practical approach that shows me how an experienced and focused teacher manages his class.

Key Issues Addressed in The Video

From the video watched, the teacher tries to relate with the students through his choice of words and behavior while still being strict and stern. He greets each one of them while giving them direction on what seat to take. He then goes around the class watching their work while occasionally announcing the instructions they are required to follow. The teacher creates a welcoming environment to his learners while maintaining professionalism. Classroom management techniques do change with the times. Traditional techniques, while still relevant cannot be used exclusively. This explains why the teacher tries to be friendly but still keeps a no-nonsense face. Second, the video points to the importance of making rules in the classroom. In the video, the teacher agrees with the students that there should be no noise in the classroom. However, should there be a constructive discussion, then when he claps there should be silence. Rules are important in the classroom as they regulate constructive behavior. Lastly, it is possible to make learning fun and still achieve the objective of each lesson. In the video, the teacher makes the students do fun activities like ripping the papers yet they could have done it in a normal way. In another instance, he tells the learners to point to the person they will be passing their paper then after he tells them to stop pointing, he tells one student still pointing absent- mindedly that he is rude. That is a sarcastic remark considering he just told them to do so. He also uses words that the students can relate with like “cool”. In their minds, the students already know that the teacher is indeed one of them.

Lessons from The Video in Relation to My Life/Career as A Respiratory Therapist

The lessons from the video are very relevant to any classroom experience but not to the respiratory therapist. A patient who is sick and struggling to breathe will not benefit from any of the lessons in the video.

Video 4: The Power of Student-Driven Learning

I anticipated tips on how a teacher can move from the common methodology of teacher-centered learning to the learner-centered one.  The video still matched my expectation though as Mrs. Wright brings in the concept of student-driven learning with a new twist. She allows her students to take total control of their learning from the construction of ideas to the implementation.

Key Topics Addressed in The Video

From the video, I have learned that students become more creative and open-minded when they are allowed to take charge of their learning experiences. When Mrs. Wright allowed her students to sit on the floor as opposed to the conventional method of sitting on desks and taking notes, ideas sprouted. She gave them the classroom-freedom they always longed for and because of that, they became free to voice their ideas. One of them brought up the idea of joining the competition of schools for schools which was aimed at rebuilding schools in war-torn Uganda. The other topic addressed in the video is the need for teachers to support their learners. Students often look up to their teachers for guidance. Even though they may have ideas in their minds, they may not properly implement it without the guidance of a teacher. In the video, Mrs. Wright supported her students by signing them up for the competition. The act itself showed her students that she was indeed part of their team and not just an onlooker.

The video also addresses the importance of setting goals for long-term success. Mrs. Wright’s students set a goal of raising $10,000 for the competition. Having a goal shows one’s commitment towards a concept. The students were no longer just going to raise the money for the sake of it since that had a target. The students also worked in teams to ensure the success of their cause. They had the PR team, finance team and fundraising teams all this pointing to teamwork. Finally, learning goes beyond the walls of the classroom when students take charge. Learners always have incredible ideas engrained in their minds. Most of the ideas always take them beyond the classroom.

Lessons from The Video in Relation to My Life/Career as A Respiratory Therapist

From the video, the greatest lessons I have learned is that one should always dare to be different. Apart from my conventional training as a respiratory therapist, I can choose to make my patients’ hospital stays interesting.

Sample Sociology Coursework Paper on Sociological Issues in Health and Medicine english essay help

Sociological Issues in Health and Medicine

 Different groups of people around the globe face various challenges due to the changing social and economic environments. My series of exploration revealed trauma as one of the sociological issues in health and medicine that has not yet been addressed by different concerned agencies. Considerably, certain professions such as soldiers undergo several life experiences particularly in the battlefield that changes their interactive methods with another member of the society including their family members. Notably, this condition can be referred to as PTSD and is an anxiety disorder that affects the nervous system thus making the affected individual to always feel insecure about themselves (National Center for PTSD, 2018). The condition results from an overactive sympathetic nervous system that creates a horrifying feeling about an individual’s physical security. In the long run, the ailment may lead to increased confusion, anxiety and isolation from loved ones. Another group of individuals affected by the effects of trauma is those affected by AIDS.  These members of the society not only feel insecure about their future but also to how other members of the community despise them. 

Justifying Data

 According to the US national institute of health, the country has over the years recorded an increase in the number of PTSD patients and the subsequent cost of treating them. As one of the leading causes of deaths in the state, an average of $42.3 billion is used in treating the affected individuals. Most of the people affected by this complication are between 1-46 years (National Center for PTSD, 2018). Additionally, the American community survey revealed that the NIH grant funding allocated to trauma-related cases amounts to a total of 0.02% of its annual budget.  The national center for PTSD establishes that a mean of 60% of mean and 50% of women in the country suffer from the effects of the complication. In the military about 8% of the population experience trauma-related symptoms in the cause of their work (PTSD United, 2018). Moreover, over 8 million members of the community are diagnosed with the ailment every year but only a handful seek medical attention.

References

National Center for PTSD. (2018). How Common Is PTSD? – PTSD: National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/ptsd-overview/basics/how-common-is-ptsd.asp

PTSD United. (2018). PTSD Statistics | PTSD United. Retrieved from http://www.ptsdunited.org/ptsd-statistics-2/

Sample Literature Paper on Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali college application essay help online: college application essay help online

Brief History of Sundiata

Sundiata Keita was borne mysteriously in Mali. His mother, Sogolon, was presented to king Nkorete by hunters from neighboring community for marriage. Prior to this, there existed sorcerers who had foretold the king that if he marries ugly women, the offspring of those women will become king one day. The king knew Sogolon, and she conceived a baby boy and named him Sundiata. The child was unable to walk for almost all his early days, and despite that weakness, the king gave him Griot at a young age as per the custom of the community. During the 13th Century, Sundiata became a supernatural hunter-warrior and epic founder of the great Mali territory (Niane, Pickett, Chappell, & Jones n.p). Prior to this, Sundiata was the chief of Mandinka tribe within the Ghana Empire.

Themes, Characterizations, Setting and Literary Devices

Sundiata is an oral epic whose protagonist is Sundiata. Sundiata epic existed but unusual Dees are ledgens. The antagonist in the story is King Soumaoro Kante who is a sorcerer. The story use high formal language especially the poetic language. The story has employed the use of imagery and metaphors but they are not as formal as in other tales. Symbolism and imagery are evident in the story. For instance, a blackbird symbolizes a misfortune or death. Similarly, imagery is evident in the description about Sosso’s attack where there is voices, drums, children dying, chanting, and women screaming. This represents an auditory imagery. An example of metaphor from the story is when Soumaoro says “I am wild= Sundiata says I can shatter rocks”. Soumaoro says, “I might silk a cotton tree” indicating a struggling creeper. Other examples of metaphors include “wild yam of the rocks” and -“the poisonous mushroom that makes the fearless vomit” (Niane n.p). Proverbs are also literary devices used in the story. For example, “Child worth no more than mother is worth snake” is a proverb used to mean a quick movement. Universal themes are used in the story and the main theme is about final value of life. The theme of evil versus good is also evident in the story. Sundiata who is the good guy overcomes and overpowers the bad guy.

African Oral Tradition and Griot

The Africa oral tradition remains the oldest method that was used to convey messages through word-of-mouth from one generation to another. Since Africans did not invent alphabetical numbers, they could not use it effectively to write or document reports. Instead, they used stories, folktales, and music to convey important information, and they depended on the oral tradition to educate their audience on important traditional morals and values pertaining to life and living. Through the oral tradition, explanations of mysteries of the universe were delivered, and thus, people were able to accept and understand various phenomena more accurately.

Griots are traced to exist in Mali since the 13th Century in the Mande Empire. For many centuries, different generations have been familiarized with the history of the empire, keeping their traditions and stories alive. Griots are supernatural human beings capable of offering advice to people and preserve the cultural practices and history of a certain country (Johnston n.p). They give advice to storytellers, courts, musicians, and praise-singers. Through these, important cultural and social values are stored and passed down from one generation to another.

Culture and its Element

Culture refers to the unique way of life for a certain group of people. It entails grouping together individuals with similar characteristics based on their beliefs, language, and community. Culture is unique since every community has distinct beliefs, values, and perceptions about a certain issue. Through norms, values, word-of-mouth, and written documentation, culture is passed down from one generation to another and thus enhancing its sustainability.

Language. This refers to a group of words having a common meaning and shared within a social situation. It forms a solid entrance to culture since it is a set of social words, patterns, and sentences with specific terminologies that are common to the same culture. Language serves as a source of communication to enhance transmission of a message from one person to another. Language molds behavior and experience of the individual since it differs from culture to culture. Through word-of-mouth communication and body gestures, cultural languages differ beyond vocabulary in different communities. For example, in the United State of America, eye contact implies that an individual is paying attention to what another person is saying. In other nations, eye contact is considered rude and posing a challenge to authority.

Symbols. A symbol refers to anything that represents and expresses something else. They are the short expression for identifying an object or situation. People with a similar culture often attach a specific meaning to sound, an object, gesture, or image. For instance, Christians use the cross the symbolize the basis of their faith. Symbols are used to give directions and guidance to behavior through referencing the past, current or future events.

Norms. These are elements of culture that rule and guide the behavior of a group, particularly in a community. Norms keeps people within the boundaries of society and its culture. It speculates regulations and restrictions about what is acceptable and what is not. Through norms, an individual’s behavior is molded, and thus, they gain knowledge about wrong and right.

Values. These refer to anything that has importance in an individual’s daily life. Values originate from social constructions when an individual lives in a certain community. Since culture varies from community to community, values change as they are attached to certain social situations of a community. Certain values are hereditary and genetically acquired, since they are gained from elders, books, and parents. 

Beliefs. These are convictions and tenets that people hold to be true according to their social set up. These beliefs are more responsible for spiritual fulfillment of wants and needs. For instance, Christians believe in God, the Day of Judgment, and recitation of the Bible, among others.

Geography. This refers to individuals’ patterns and trends of settlements in a certain location. Geographically, every group of people can trace their source of origin and their dwelling places. Some are subcategorized as local or urban and highland or plain people. Consequently, individuals in each subcategory have some certain unique characteristics.

History. This refers to men past way of engaging in activities. History lays a strong foundation for different communities on how to perceive or treat certain issues. For instance, history serves to educate young people on past trends and phenomena regarding their forefathers.

Elements of culture

Language. The main difference between man and animals is language. Language is used to convey information from one generation to another. Animals lack a pattern of language, and therefore, they cannot adopt a specific culture

Norms and values. This element ascertains what is expected and what is not expected in the community. These serve as solid foundations for expected discipline that are required in the community. Lack of morals and values can lead to conflicts in society since people will lack a common guide on behavior (Matsumoto and Juang n.p). For instance, when there is no established way of doing things in the community, companies tend to dispose their waste into rivers and in the atmosphere without regard for the health repercussions for the surrounding communities.

Relevance of Culture to African American literature

The study of African-American literature in current world rewards researchers with a deeper understanding of crucial issues like racism. For instance, the epic of Sunjata is a key driver to understand how communities and nations fought their battles before attaining independence. Racism was a dominant issue during this era, and through literature, researchers are able to appreciate the culture of past. Africans were treated like monkeys and slaves by their White masters, which propelled them to fight for their freedom. 

Through culture, an understanding that every struggle and problem has a solution is derived, which inspires motivation and inspiration. Literature imposes tremendous knowledge and a new understanding of the history of Blacks. Individuals are able to learn about their origin. Culture helps individuals to create empathy. In reading any literature from others’ cultural standpoint, different perspectives are gained regarding how some communities think, behave, and speak. When African Americans read various literatures on their history, they feel more connected and closer to their ancestors. Research has connected positive stories regarding various ethnic groups with increased feelings of belongingness and self-worthiness.

Why is this African Epic Germane to the Study of the African American Literature?

African American literature has mostly been written by African people who reside in America. These great minds have tried to bargain and express their grievances concerning racism, feminism, religion, and Africa-America culture. Most of the writers have expressed the great need for the freedom and democracy of African nations from their master colonials. The study of the African epic Germane is important since it inspires the community to continue advocating for justice and liberty in their nation. For instance, African forefathers who were enslaved treated the Whites as being supreme. Through books and cultural education, sensitization has been done to enlighten Africans that Whites are just men like them.

Religion and culture are other sensitive areas addressed by this study. Africans believe in the existence of supernatural gods who were capable to assist them in times of trouble. Their culture allowed them to practice heterogeneous marriage. Conversely, Whites were campaigning for same-sex marriage. That triggered various debates and confusion across various communities, especially where strong cultural values are not upheld. The study of cultural literature will help individuals to come out of such dilemmas.

Works Cited.

Johnston, Hank. Social movements and culture. Vol. 4. Routledge, 2013.

Matsumoto, David, and Linda Juang. Culture and psychology. Nelson Education, 2016.

Niane, Djibril Tamsir. “Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. 1965.” Trans. GD Pickett. Edinburgh: Pearson (2006).

Niane, D. T., Pickett, G. D., Chappell, D. W., & Jones, J. Sundiata: An epic of old Mali. Longman Pub Group, 2006.

Sample Sociology Essay Paper on Institutional Origins of Racial Categories in the American Commercial Recording Industry ccusa autobiographical essay help

       Individuals make sense of the world through categories that they use to make distinctions among the overwhelming stimuli of people, things, and symbols that they encounter in everyday life. Aesthetic categories, such as music genres, are related to social groupings, including race. The concept of homology is used to highlight the categories. If they were aligned, they would be perfect homology. During the 1920s, firms in the recorded music industry adopted two of the most blatantly racial categorical schemes to grace the American cultural landscape. Virtually all of these firms adopted in their catalogues, and marketing, the category of ‘‘race records’’ to designate music of African-Americans and ‘‘hillbilly’’ or ‘‘old time’’ music to describe music of rural Whites.

Homology

Homology posits specific relationship between the structure of musical universe and structure of society, such that musical characteristics were correlated to social structure: complex music, for instance, arises in complex societies. Subsequent formulations were more sophisticated, trying to retain the fundamental idea that aesthetic forms and social structures have a structural, or at least a cultural affinity. Homology is criticized for connoting a static view of both music and society and that music should be viewed as both reflecting and constructing identities. Recent accounts advocate replacing the “old” mechanical homology with a “new” reflexive one that lacks the fixed categories, reductionist thinking, and constructing identities, Negus and Roma´nVela´zquez (2002) address reductionism by emphasizing that musical forms and social identities are mutually constitutive: music can express or reflect existing social groupings as well as help construct new identities; it can foster belonging but can also bridge boundaries and help disengage people from their identities; and it can engage people in both corporeal and incorporeal fashion.

Race and American popular Music

American popular music has been an object of contention in the politics of race. Racial project (both those that engineer racial oppression and seek racial liberation) have used music self-consciously. The sociological analysis of race and American music can be conceptualised as the interaction of two contrasting kinds of relationships. Music has been a bridge between the Black and White races since the two appreciate each other’s music and interact socially through music. The egalitarian aspect of bridging is the fusion of European and African heritages in popular music to create fully synthetic forms and sounds that may not be developed in isolation. In contrast to music as a bridge is the use of music to bound races from each other, musical bounding marks people with music preferences as members of a race, fosters racial identity and solidifies subcultural differences.

Origins of Recorded Music and Its Categories

For a brief period after the phonograph’s invention, the 1870’s, people preferred its business uses to leisure activities because they considered the corporate uses as greater the sources of profit than the leisure activities and they legitimated the new medium more than frivolous uses did. It was not until the 1890s that entertainment was considered a major use of the phonograph and only after the turn of the century that manufacturers envisioned a mass market for music recordings.

      When the commercial recording of music begun in the 1890s, the few companies that produced sound recordings made few distinctions among the variegated offerings for the white middle class. Early classifications of commercial recordings were more working typifications that categorized the source of the sounds than marketing distinctions that distinguished either taste or audiences

        As the industry entered the 1900s, a categorization based on aesthetic properties of recording became pronounced. Class was prominently in the categorization, as well. African American influences were present only in a form designed for white audiences. Blacks entertained the whites since the days of slavery, thus they set the stage for wholesale appropriation and fusion of African and European music.

The Construction of Homology

After the World War I, an economic recession and the advent of radio proved wrong sceptics, who had claimed the phonograph was a fad. The radio offered free music to a large audience. Consequently, small firms began to record and market music to marginalised communities outside major cities. The categorization of music expanded to include additional social categories, which established a homology between aesthetic and social boundaries. It was during this time that categories of “race records” and “hillbilly music” arose.

      It is evident that that music has had influence in people’s culture, whereby the race records and the hillbilly music were as a result of the African Americans’ and Rural Whites’ cultures respectively. Music also had an impact in the economy since it generated lots of income for the recording companies.

      In the world today, people listen to and appreciate music from other cultures, races, and social setting, thus, encouraging other people to hold their culture at heart.

      Music is still a unifying factor since many people around the world come together to listen to and watch music from different cultures.

      It is encouraging to see people expressing themselves freely by the use of their musical talents, because it is used as the perfect platform to air serious matters that affect the society.

Works Cited

Roy, William. ‘‘Race records’’ and ‘‘hillbilly music’’: institutional origins of racial categories in the American commercial recording industry. Los Angeles: Elsevier, 2004. Print

Sample Aviation Coursework Paper on (SFTY 335) – Questions Sheet law essay help: law essay help

(SFTY 335) – Questions Sheet

Q. 1

Load factor (n) = 1/Cos ᴓ

Degree(ᴓ)G –load10(1.02)g20(1.06)g60(2)g70(2.92)g80(5.76)g

Q. 2

In a constant altitude, the load factor is the result of two forces which are; gravity and centrifugal force (Chen et al, 2017). For a given bank angle, the rate of turn is inversely proportional to the airspeed hence the higher the airspeed, the lower the rate of turn. In this case, increasing the g-load sharply over the 80 degrees mark will impart too much load on the aircraft and hence can damage it.

Q. 3

The load factor is the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight and depicts the stress (“load”) subjected to the structure of an airplane. In as much as the ratio is dimensionless, it is traditionally given a unit g. A load factor of one (1) depicts a scenario of a flight in a straight and level whereby lift is equal to the weight. A load factors of less than 1 is a negative g load and is a result of wind gusts or maneuvers. A negative factor can be achieved when a plane is flown upside-down during extreme banking maneuvers or when a plane hits big air pockets.

Q. 4

A Vg diagram depicts the flight operating strength of an aircraft. In the Vg diagram, the normal operating range is the region of the graph whereby the plane flies at level flight of 1g.

Q. 5

Fighter airplanes fly at greater speeds than normal passenger airplanes. As such, they need an additional area on the Vg diagram for their better performance (Chen et al, 2017). An example of extreme maneuvers done by fighter planes include extreme banking and inverted flying when in combat.

Q. 6

“I” sections are designed to be beams while “H” piles are designed to be columns. Particularly, “H” piles are made to be able to take axial forces while “I” sections are made to be beams which bend in a single direction. As such, if ‘I’ beams are used in the ‘H’ form, they will be heavier than an ‘I’ beam which can take the same load.

Q. 7

The spars (beams) are made of steel with enough strength to support the wing as well as the airplane’s aerodynamic and landing loads. These spars are the main structural members of a wing and are made to support all distributed loads for a given plane (Xu et al, 2015).

Q. 8

The neutral axis is the axis through a beam whereby there is neither compression nor tension hence the stress is zero.

Q. 9

I¯=1/2bh3 where: b= the base or width of the beam and, h=the height of the beam.

For beam 1 with breadth 0.250 and depth 0.150,

I¯=1/2 *0.250*0.1503

 =1/2*0.250*0.003375

=0.00042187

Q. 10

From a structural point of view, an engine mounted above the wing is unstable since the force of gravity acts on it and it exerts more force on the wing especially during airplane maneuvers (Xu et al, 2015). This aspect increases the stress values on the wings than in a scenario whereby the engine is mounted below the wing.

Q. 11

Moment of Inertia depicts the “second moment of area” whose units are m^2 * m * m. Hence the units for an ‘I’ value take the m4 notation.

Q. 12

The type of stress within the section beyond the last engine is the torsion. This is the stress produced by an airplane’s engine crankshaft during the period when the engine is running.

References

Chen, X. S., Lam, D. W. T., Wong, G., Zhai, C. R., & Ng, J. Y. (2017). Design, Development And Fabrication Of Aircraft Maintenance Jig. Retrieved June 7, 2018 from; https://dspace.lib.sp.edu.sg/xmlui/handle/get/16560

Xu, X., Chen, S., Li, G., Wang, S., & Li, Y. (2015, April). Construction of MBD-Based Three-Dimensional Process Design Platform for Aircraft Manufacturing. In International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Atlantis Press.

Sample Education Essay Paper on Reflecting on General Education and Career college application essay help online: college application essay help online

Reflecting on General Education and Career

Skills Obtained Through My General Education Courses

    In my field as an educator, the skills I have obtained through my general education courses that will make my job successful are:

Communication which is of great importance in helping me communicate with the students efficiently.Critical thinking which will also help in solving the day to day problems.Organisation skills that will help me to juggle a number of tasks effectively.Patience skill will come in handy, particularly when dealing with difficult classroom situations, for instance some students may take longer to understand a concept and I may be able to guide them through over and over until they grasp the concept, without putting too much pressure on them.Leadership which will also help me to be able to guide the students, to be in charge and to set the tone in the class.

How My Newly Acquired Knowledge and Skills Have Shaped My Personal and Professional Development

Through the general education courses, I have learned what type of effective communication to use according to my audience. I have also learnt to be more organised and to finish my work on time. Critical thinking has also helped me solve different problems in and out of the classroom by giving me an open mind and to accept other people’s opinion without feeling offended. My leadership skills have helped me to be instilled with positivity and trustworthiness and has given me a sense of responsibility.

How I will use my education within my community. I plan to use my education to work in low income schools. This will give me a platform to fight in the war against poverty by encouraging the students to work hard and to never give up. Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world (Nelson Mandela, 2003).

Reference

Baggaley, R., Calleja, J. M. G., Marum, L., & Marum, E. (2013). Knowledge is power; information is liberation. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(12), 898–898A. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.132464

Sample Nursing Admission Essay on Cultural Competency in Nursing Practice buy argumentative essay help

Cultural Competency in Nursing Practice

            Cultural competence is a set of skills, behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and policies that equip an individual to effectively perform their duties within a culturally diverse environment. Cultural competence in nursing practice is the application of knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors by nurses to enable them efficiently care for patients from different cultural backgrounds from theirs. In recent years there has been a worldwide shortage of nurses due to increased migration of nurses as well as the population which has forced countries to employ immigrant nurses to cover this shortage. It is therefore imperative to train nurses to offer culturally competent care to a culturally diverse patient population. The important aspects of cultural competency include but are not limited to; appreciating differences, equal treatment, respect, commitment and inclusivity. Both nurses and patients experience improved health outcomes like better understanding and patient satisfaction when culturally competent practices are implemented (Jirwe, 2008).

Importance of Cultural Competency in Nursing

           The need for culturally competent care is at an all time high as populations worldwide increasingly become diverse. It should however be noted that it is not just about making patients of different cultures feel accepted and comfortable but improving overall health outcomes through accurate diagnosis, treatment and improved communication. Cultural competence in nursing does not necessarily mean agreeing with patients’ expectations but respecting them. Ethnopharmacology also suggests that people from different ethnicities respond differently to commonly prescribed drugs. Cultural competence results in several benefits; improved communication between patients and nurses which leads to proper assessment of patient needs and accurate treatment. It also helps nurses to be better prepared for their jobs and connect better with patients. Understanding of cultural background of patients helps nurses to come up with an appropriate plan for treatment. This includes the patients’ perception of illness, rules of interactions, customs and even spirituality. Cultural competence rids nurses of stereotyping of patients cultures through understanding of their own biases and prejudices. Cultural competence ensures that there is equity in health care provisions for each patient regardless of their cultural background (Beach, Saha & Cooper, 2006). 

The Relationship between Cultural Competency and Diversity and Patient-and Family Centered Care

Cultural competency is the ability to function effectively in a multicultural environment by application of a specific set of behavior attitudes and policies. Diversity on the other hand is any unique characteristic both obvious and unseen that differentiates a person from another such as in culture, nationality, religion, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation and personality. Cultural competency and diversity are therefore intertwined in that one has to understand these differences in order to be culturally competent. Competency is developed through training, guidance and experience.

           Patient-and family-centered care refers understanding and assessing health care from the patients’ point of view and developing a health plan to appropriately meet their expectation. It stipulates how health care providers should interact with patients on a personalized level. Patient-and family centered care is characterized by perceiving the uniqueness of each patient, assessment of patients experience with the illness, shared decision making in the appropriate course of action and building rapport between the physicians and patients. There is emphasis on respecting the patients and family’s opinions and preferences about their health. Patients who are actively involved in their health care experience better results and minimize costs since patient centered care focuses on paying for value rather than volume. Cultural competency and patient centeredness work together in improving quality of health care. Culturally competent care givers are necessary in minimizing disparities in health care through making the health care environment more accessible to culturally different patient population. In addition authorities may employ more ethnically similar caregivers to the patient population and provide interpreters for those affected by language barriers. Although they have different origins both cultural competency and patient centeredness aim to improve quality of health care. In order to offer personalized care a physician must understand the diversity of patients’ perspectives, preferences and goals and provide equitable care to all patients (Beach, Saha & Cooper, 2006). 

Barriers to Providing Culturally Competent Care to a Diverse Population

           In as much as culturally competent care is being adopted by most countries there are still inherent barriers that are limiting physicians and nurses to do so effectively. One of the major barriers is language and communication which leads to patient dissatisfaction poor understanding and low quality care. Ineffective communication leads to wrong assessment and even wrong diagnosis/treatment of patients. This can however be solved through a professional interpreter. Low literacy can also be a barrier in the sense that it may affect the patient’s ability to interpret prescription instructions, health education materials and even insurance information. They are more likely to spend more on health care.

Lack of understanding of diverse cultures, customs, communication patterns, values and beliefs is also another barrier to providing culturally competent care. Prejudice, discrimination, racism and stereotyping against a certain group of people hinder provision of culturally competent care (Douglas et al., 2011).

Recommendations for Providing Health Promotion Activities for a Selected Population.

           Health promotion refers to the process of enabling communities to increase control over their well being and its determinants in order to improve their health. Below are recommendations for providing health promotion activities for a select population.

Communities should base their health promotion processes on a wide description of health and how it is produced within the community.

Information on a community’s health concerns and needs should be gathered by engaging people in schools, health care organizations and workplaces for effective promotion of healthcare.

The community should also come up with their own way of measuring performance by linking quantifiable goals to desired health outcomes in the community.

The community should balance both long term and short term goals for health promotion through including interim goals like aiming to reduce risk for major health problems.

           A healthy population is a wealthy population. Countries, communities and ethnic groups world over should therefore adopt culturally competent care for efficient and effective health care provision through incorporating cultural education in their health education systems as well as other sectors.

References

Beach, M. C., Saha, S., & Cooper, L. A. (2006). The role and relationship of cultural                 competence and patient-centeredness in health care quality (Vol. 36). New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund.

Douglas, M. K., Pierce, J. U., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., … & Purnell, L. (2011). Standards of practice for culturally competent nursing care: 2011 update. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 22(4), 317-333.

Jirwe, M. (2008). Cultural competence in nursing. Institutionen för neurobiologi, vårdvetenskap och samhälle/Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society.

https://www.cna-aiic.ca/~/media/cna/page-content/pdf- en/ps114_cultural_competence_2010_e.pdf?la=en

Sample Medical Science Essay Paper on HIV/AIDS essay help cheap: essay help cheap

1. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus while AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV is the virus that causes the HIV infection, which makes an infected person vulnerable to the AIDS. AIDS is the most advanced stage of the HIV infection. An individual with the HIV infection can stay AIDS-free by taking ARVs (Anti-retroviral drugs). Without taking the appropriate medication, HIV may rapidly progress to AIDS, which is fatal. When one has AIDS, his or her immune system does not function properly. The immune system of an individual with HIV/AIDS is usually unable to fight against infections efficiently.

2. In which ways is HIV transmitted?

HIV can be transmitted through numerous ways. It is important to note that while it is a sexually transmitted disease, it may be passed on from one person to another without sexual contact.  The prime means of transmission is through contact with infected bodily secretions, such as such as vaginal fluid, breast milk, and semen. Individuals come into contact with the infected fluids through unprotected sex, infected blood transfusions, and infected mother to child infections, sharing needles with infected persons, accidents, . Amother can transmit the HIV virus to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or even through breastfeeding.HIV can also be passed on from one person to another through transmitted through organ/tissue transplants if the organs are infected. 3. What are the stages of HIV’s life cycle? 

HIV has three main stages, namely the window or incubation stage, the asymptomatic stage, and the symptomatic stage. During the first few days after infection, when the virus is just beginning to replicate in the body, an infected person has have no symptoms and tests negative when tested both using the rapid test and  sensitive viral load test. Symptoms of the onset of this stage include fever, sore throat, and rashes. After the window stage is the asymptomatic period whereby a vast majority of the infected individuals remain free of symptoms for several years. If they remain untreated until the HIV virus damages their immune system, the symptoms of AIDS eventually start showing up. Early symptoms vary depending on a person and may include fatigue and weight loss, as well as the onset of an opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis. In the symptomatic stage, the immune system of the infected person is failing to the virus and can no longer fight off opportunistic diseases, which a healthy individual can easily fight.

4. Discuss briefly some of the cultural narratives and public responses towards HIV/AIDS, which is commonly referred as a public crisis. (See: Patton’s “Setting the Terms for an Epidemic”). 

Some cultural narratives and public responses have shaped the opinions of people regarding HIV/AIDS. The mass media and traditional accounts of HIV/AIDS invoked the cultural narratives that seemed to most easily make sense of the medical evidence. There were two dominant but competing explanations of AIDS after the first cases were published: that there was a transmissible agent and that immune system breakdown had resulted from overly taxing the body with sex and drugs. (Patton 8). Although the former theory prevailed, the latter theory has lasted in the popular imagination as a rationale lurking behind the kinds of people perceived to be at risk (Patton 8). Another instance of public crisis occurred when the media suggested that women who acquired AIDS, which was considered a gay disease at that period, were socially deviant. This led to little or no concern to improve the clinical understanding of AIDS in women.

Works Cited

Patton, Cindy. Last served?: Gendering the HIV pandemic. Taylor & Francis, 2005. Retrieved from:  https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EF56AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=related:uE_m8Vh8vr-5fM:scholar.google.com/&ots=dgsL4sDG9K&sig=kYJGuG4ic6G7PfaEA2L5pbZUNQk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Sample Psychology Essay Paper on Counseling Practice devry tutorcom essay help

Counseling Practice

Counseling is characterized by several outcomes which can be difficult to understand and challenging to explain. As a counselor, I have undergone a lot of transformations over the years and I cannot compare my present performance with my status at the start of the career. The next sections of the paper provide details of the evolution of my life in counseling including the lessons learnt and the challenges faced.

Thoughts in Counseling Practice

The practice of counseling can be introspective in terms of outcomes. Contrary to counseling theory, practice brings one in contact with the real situation in life, which can sometimes result into deeper thinking about self and others. As a psychologist, one of the feelings that counseling others invokes is that of worry. In most cases, clients explain their situations to therapists in ways that evoke empathy. For instance, clients seeking counseling because of domestic violence make me worried. I often wonder what the impacts of my counseling activities would be if the clients still go back to the same abusive or violent spouses. I tend to personalize their issues and I feel directly affected. I often wonder how I would handle the situation if it happened to me. Sometimes, such thoughts would provoke anger and annoyance, which limit my efficiency as a counselor.

Apart from worrying about clients and myself, practicing counseling also exposes me to a lot of anxiety. Anxiety comes about particularly when dealing with difficult cases whose outcome cannot be predicted. In such cases, I am always anxious about the outcomes and the anxiety pushes me to call clients even at odd times, before their sessions are due. Since I began actively engaging in counseling, my personality has changed significantly. Before I was shy and rarely faced my challenges. In most cases, I would coil back in the face of challenges and let opportunities pass due to fear.

I believe that practice has instilled in me significant amounts of courage. From dealing with people struggling with drug abuse to those in abusive relationships, I can easily point out problems and challenges and be ready to face the consequences of my actions at any given time. I have mastered the courage to engage in activities that I initially considered parallel from my personality. Engaging with people at a personal level has also enabled me to learn that some of the challenges  in life are universal and the most important thing to do is to first analyze problems, understand their causes, and decide on the appropriate solutions.

While practicing counseling, I have often times asked questions about self and others. Curiosity is an inevitable part of my practice as a counselor but I have learned to handle it effectively with time. In most of the cases, I realized that the victims have no control of their situations and hence the necessity to understand their circumstances. Currently, I think a lot about how psychological intervention practices such as cognitive behavior therapy and meditation could impact my life either positively or negatively. When thinking about self, I am curious about whether the clients I have would be able to go through with their intervention processes and how effective their reactions would be towards successful treatment. Different people have different reactions and hence different treatment outcomes. The attitude of the victim determines the outcomes of treatment in various ways.

2. Therapist Characterization

As a therapist, there are several approaches that one can use to effect change in the client and in their social factors. Therapy can include the implementation of approaches such as cognitive therapy, psychodynamic therapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and humanistic therapy among others. Most of the hybrid approaches to therapy are dependent on the basic theories of therapy, which are applied by different therapists. Personally, I identify with humanistic therapy approaches since my approach is empathetic. I feel that the humanistic theories are person- centered and thus effective in a variety of situations. I modify the manner in which I apply them to different cases but they eventually yield the intended outcomes in all the cases. My greatest desire is to be a holistic therapist. In this way, I will be able to help people address their issues in the present and to ensure that the same events do not repeat in the future.

To achieve my desire in counseling, I feel that the only way to act is to learn the differences about the cases and their causes. In this way, I will be able to help clients solve their problems more holistically by digging deep into their roots. I am sure it will not be easy given the nature of counseling practice. I now know that counseling practices is always different from counseling theory. For one, counseling theory predicts ideal situations which have straight forward solutions. The actual practice on the other hand, has different variables which imply that solutions to issues are not always clearly discernible. In most cases, the therapist has to be really interested in the client to understand their problems and what they have previously thought about those problems. Sometimes, the clients may be unwilling to open up to the therapist, which makes it difficult to come up with recommendations for solutions. Additionally, the therapist may not always find it easy to apply certain theoretical concepts in practice as the theory recommends. The situations in practice may be similar to those used in theory exemplification yet the reactions of clients and the therapists may limit their potential to yield the required outcomes.

Other differences between theory and practice in counseling exist in the number of people involved. The student is the sole recipient of information and how they take the information or agree with it determines the potential for intervention success in theory. In practice, there are at least two parties involved at any given time. The therapist may agree with the methodologies and processes used in counseling yet the recipient is in disagreement with the process. Successful intervention in therapy in all cases requires the client to trust the process. Any amount of distrust hampers the efficiency of the process. As a therapist, this can be discouraging especially when one cannot think of other theoretical practices that would be effective in the specific situation. The best advice I have ever received in engaging in counseling is that the therapist must always be creative enough to come up with new practices that the clients would be in agreement with.

3. Hindrances to Effective Performance as a Therapist

My biggest weakness is impatience. Needless to say, this is also the greatest impediment to my performance as a therapist. Counseling requires attention to detail and genuine concern for others while impatience portrays lack of concern for others and can be a cause of deviating attention. In some cases, clients may not be willing to open up easily during therapy due to various reasons. While a good therapist would listen to them and be patient until such a time when they would be willing to talk openly, I would be annoyed or impatient in most of my early years as a therapist. Sometimes, my body language would reflect this impatience, a practice that discouraged some of my early clients. Through the years, I have learnt to control my emotions and to remain calm in spite of my true feelings. I am working towards being able to eliminate the feelings of impatience.

Another factor that contributed to my inefficiency as a therapist in the early years is fear and skill limitations. As a continuing student, counseling does not come naturally to me as it does to someone with more than 5 years experience. In most cases, I faced a lot of fear as I wondered how the clients would react to seeing me as their therapist. I always felt they would feel that I was inadequate and therefore I tried to go beyond my capability to prove that I was efficient as a therapist. Sometimes, I felt tenser than the clients even though I was responsible for setting the mood for therapy and making the clients comfortable. Through the years however, I have come to grow in boldness as well as in skills. Currently, I only have limited fears, mainly around dealing with legislations. Cases that require legal action are more challenging than others and also make me more anxious than others.

4. Ethics in Theory and in Practice

Ethics in counseling practice can be very different from the presentations in counseling theory. For one, counseling practice deviates from the assumptions made in the development of the ethical code of conduct presented in theory. Corey (2017) described ethics in counseling in three categories which include mandatory, aspirational and positive ethics. The mandatory ethics are described by the professional code of conduct for counselors. The aspirational and positive ethics are reserved for individual use by counselors who desire to project higher ethical standards than those basically required of them. Applying aspirational ethics can be challenging since it requires the highest standards of ethical thinking and conduct.

There are also various challenges to ethical conduct in counseling practice. Different counseling situations present different challenges to ethical conduct. For instance, in group therapy, the competencies of companions and ethics can be excruciating to address without breaking the professional code of conduct. As much as the basic requirement for counselors is to cause no harm and allow no harm, this may be challenging to achieve where numerous forces are at play. For instance, in an individual therapy session where the problem could have resulted from the family level yet the client does not report, the therapist may try by all means to prevent harm yet the family members back home push the client towards depression and potential suicide. The manner, in which confidentially, informed consent, and privacy issues in relation to how clients use technology are to be handled theoretically, may not make sense in the real life situations. Dye (1981) suggested that the reason why therapists may not adhere to the professional code of conduct is not because they lack the code or the will, but rather because the circumstances and the people surrounding the therapy environment. The problem in practice may not be at an individual level but due to the context of therapy. It is therefore necessary for a therapist to understand their client, their conditions prior to the therapy and their intentions post therapy. In this way, they can be better able to articulate effective goals and objectives for the intervention process.

Conclusion

Conducting counseling can be challenging for a new therapist or someone with insufficient experience. Personally, my journey as a therapist has been characterized by a lot of learning along the way and skill building. In most cases, I apply principles of humanistic therapy although I am aware that practicing holistic therapy can be more beneficial to clients. I therefore hope that I will one day be able to reflect holistic therapy practices. In my efforts to be a good therapist, I have picked up a lot of lessons on the approaches that foster efficiency, the challenges in therapy and the hindrances to effective performance. One of the biggest impediments to my performance as a therapist is impatience. I am also fearful of the unknown and preemptive of client perceptions and thoughts about my performance. Currently I am working on my impatience as well as my fear and I believe that with time, greater efficiency will ultimately come. So far, I have accomplished some progress in that I can hide my emotions but I am still working on ensuring those emotions disappear altogether.  Adhering to the professional ethics in practice may be challenging, but I at least have to adhere to the mandatory ethics.

References

Corey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy 10th Ed. Cengage Learning. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.amberton.edu/_SLatson/theories/Corey10e_PPT_ch03.pptx

Dye, A. (1981). Challenges to ethical behavior in group work. Counseling and Values, 25(4), 227- 235. Retrieved from onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2161-007X.1981.tb00900.x

Sample Technology Research Paper on Video Production essay help websites

The Importance of Web Videography and the Features of Production

People are very addicted to video content. They constantly get bored and tend to look for something to keep them busy. Video content has filled this role so well, thanks to the internet, smartphones as well as mobile data. Humans not only love video content, but they always go out of their way to get videos that relate to their interests. Web videos are very good tools for creating brand awareness for they can be shared across numerous platforms as well as mobile devices (Mackey, 2018).

Some of the key features of video production include; fun to watch: humans enjoy watching videos which are live shot. Engaging: A good video should keep the audience engaged. The tales and characters in a video should make the audience feel their core. Colorfully animated: this is to make the video lively. Easily accessible: people should be able to log on to the social network accounts and view the videos.

The Process for Choosing the Proper Lighting Gear when Recording Video

The process for selecting a proper lighting gear when recording a video involves a number of steps. Step one involves preparing for the shoot. It is important to scout the video recording location ahead of time. One should take into consideration the natural light and shadows. The best video recording environment is one where buy the video recorder has control over the lighting. Step two involves picking out the lighting options and types. Step three involves setting up 3-point lighting. The most common setup for light is referred to as 3-point lighting. It comprises a key light, a fill light as well as a backlight. Step four involves choosing the light color temperature. Lights vary based on the bulb filament. Step five involves looking out for glare (Owens, 2017). With this process the video recorder is able to assemble the recommended lighting gear containing the right video light bulbs, lighting accessories, reflectors and diffusers among other tools.

The Accessories that can be used When Adapting to Various Shooting Environments

These accessories include;

Different high-quality camera lenses. A good combination of various types of lenses is recommended for ensuring the best coverage in all set-ups.A professional level tripod kit. A well-made tripod is significant for attaining a wobble free shots. The still photo specific tripods are discouraged for they cannot work for motion videos.Several high capacity and high speed memory cards.External microphone. This is attached to the camera through the shotgun microphone.Dedicated camera kit bag. This helps in ensuring a safe way of transporting everything needed.

Digital Video and how it differs from Analog Video

Digital video is a kind of recording system that operates by the use of digital video signals. Analog video utilizes electrical signals when capturing video images onto the magnetic tapes. The digital video signals normally begin and remain digital. No quality is normally lost when copying the video. It is also very easy recording and capturing videos to the computer directly through Firewire (Owens, 2017). Analog video usually decreases in quality with each copy and necessitates a special video capture card.

The Strategies and Benefits of using Web Video Editing Software

Individuals in video production fields are advised to switch to web-based video editing. This is because these platforms have numerous video applications and accessibility to numerous online tools that makes work to be done quickly. The key benefits of web-based video editing include improved productivity, streamlined workflow, improved collaboration, ease of use and reduced costs. Web video editing allows for improved productivity as it has various features, tools and clips that helps avoid constantly downloading the required clips. Web video editing allows for streamlined workflow especially when using cloud storage (AnimationXpress Team, 2017). Web-based video editing can improve collaboration as the entire team can easily join in and contribute to the video editing process by simply logging onto a common platform. It also reduces cost as it allows one to back up all the important files.

References

AnimationXpress Team. (2017). Top six benefits of web-based video editing. Retrieved from http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php/latest-news/top-six-benefits-of-web-based-video-editing

Mackey, R. (2018).Why Web Video Production is becoming so important. Skystom productions. Retrieved from https://skystorm.com/web-video-production-is-important/

Owens, J. (2017). Video production handbook. Focal Press. Retrieved from http://home.fa.utl.pt/~cfig/AnimaoeCinema/RealizaoCinematogrfica/VideoProductionHandbook,FourthEdition.pdf

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Binge Drinking

Teenage alcohol drinking has been a major problem in societies. Today, many high school and colleges have been involved in excessive alcohol consumption due to peer pressure or family issues. Surveys conducted in 2015 revealed that 32.8 percent of high school students admitted to have indulged alcohol consumption at some point of the lives (Marissa et al., 2017). Primary method of prevention is more direct and involves elimination of abuse and consequences by improving on knowledge and changing the social norms that encourage binge drinking. Secondary prevention methods are geared towards early detection especially on high school and college students by observing their behaviors. Tertiary methods encompass measures aimed at eliminating impairments and disabilities and to eradicate suffering occasioned by alcohol abuse. Based on my view, secondary prevention is efficient as it helps detect drinking problem early to prompt early interventions to help minimize alcohol abuse going forward.

Life skills training programs that can be implemented to help reduce alcohol abuse especially among high school and college students. This can be conducted at school level. Evidence-based research studies outline that early initiation of college and high school students to drinking impacted negatively on younger members of the population (Marissa et al., 2017). At this stage, the students are vulnerable since they are within the adolescent stage. Most of these students have admitted to have succumbed to peer-pressure as the main reason why they abuse alcohol. Hence, this program will utilize different approaches to help teach students how to resist social influences to abuse alcohol. This resistance teaching can broadly target personal and social skills of the victims. Further, the life skills training will educate them on how to deal with adolescent issues, improve decision making, create self-awareness and sharpen their communication skills.

Reference

Marissa, B., Heather, C., Zewditu D., Dafna K. and Brewer, R. (2017). Current and Binge

Drinking Among High School Students-United States, 1991–2015. CDC: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Available at: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6618a4.htm. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

Sample Ecology Essay Paper on The Escalation of Air Pollution and Climate Change Crisis a level english language essay help

The Escalation of Air Pollution and Climate Change Crisis

Air pollution is the world’s biggest environmental health risk (WHO, 2016). Previously, governments and businesses concentrated on threats like conflict and war, economic crisis, lack of education, corruption, terrorism, substance abuse, and food crisis. Today, issues of environmental pollution and climate change have clouded debates globally due to their threatening effects. The world is experiencing rising temperatures, which are estimated to rise from 2.6 degrees Celsius to 4.8 degrees Celsius in the next century (WHO, 2016). Pollution (air, water and land) has featured among fierce debates globally as it undermines human existence and biodiversity. Approximately 7 million people die annually from air-pollution related illnesses like stroke, cancers, respiratory illnesses and heart disease (WHO, 2016). Many air pollutants like particles of carbon from combustion of fossil fuels cause climate change. There is therefore dire need to reduce air pollution to save lives and minimize the pace of climate change.

Air Pollution and Climate Change Disasters

There are numerous disasters related to air pollution and climate change. For instance, 2017 was ranked third among the hottest years globally and all five warmest years in history come since 2010s (Kovarik, n.d.). Historical events like the 1984 accident at a pesticide plant in Bhopal, released poisonous methyl isocyanate to the environment killing thousands within hours. Half a million survivors suffered organ failure, blindness, as well as birth defects among children born after the event. In 1986, Chernobyl power plant in Ukraine had an explosion that caused a nuclear meltdown that emitted massive amounts of radiation into the atmosphere. The event caused deformities, cancers, and other long term illnesses in both humans and animals.  

The Great Smog of 1952 occurred in London for five days killing thousands while thousands others left ill. The cold winter combined with windless weather and airborne pollutants emitted from coal formed a blanket of smog over the city (Kovarik, n.d.). In 1976, an explosion at a chemical plant in Northern Italy released a thick, white blanket of dioxin in the atmosphere, killing animals while causing blurred vision, nausea, and chloracne especially among children. Lastly, a drilling rig made by soviet scientists in 1971 exposed a large methane reservoir. (Kovarik n.d.).  

Air Pollution and its Effects

Any gas or substance emitted into the environment in large enough quantities to cause harm to humans, animals, plants and the natural atmosphere is an air pollutant (Orru et al, 2017). Air pollution can occur from natural activities like volcanic eruption but human activity is the biggest cause. These include vehicle emissions, industrial activities, power plants, deforestation, smoking, wood fires, fuel combustion. The following are major air pollutants.

Carbon oxides – In an enclosed environment, carbon monoxide can cause suffocation or even death especially to those who suffer from heart diseases. Deforestation also increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which would have been otherwise absorbed by trees. Carbon dioxide builds an invisible layer that traps infrared rays hence contributing to global warming.

Nitrogen oxides – Nitrous oxide, a brown gas with sharp odor can cause visual impairment and also form acid rain.

Sulfur oxide – Sulfur dioxide is a major component of smog. High levels of this substance can cause respiratory problems and damage both plants and animals.

Ground-level ozone – Nitrous oxide and volatile organic compounds react in sunlight to form ground-level ozone. Inhaling in ozone causes health problems especially to those with asthma, the elderly, and children.

Particulate Matter – Particulate Matter (PM) is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets present in the air. PM can cause reduced visibility and can be absorbed into the lungs and cause health problems.

(Orru et al, 2017).

Climate Change

Air pollution and climate change impact each other through chemical interactions in the environment. For instance, high levels of GHGs alter atmospheric temperatures, which in turn change its chemical composition. Climate conditions like humidity, temperature, wind patterns and vertical mixing can influence air quality. The mentioned meteorological variables can affect dispersion, transport, deposition and chemical transformation of air pollutants (Orru et al, 2017). Rise in temperatures can cause extinction of forests, flooding and droughts, and increase acidic content of oceans. In the past century, average temperatures in the arctic have increased by 5 degrees Celsius while the west Antarctic Peninsula regions are experiencing extreme global warming that might cause melting of the ice sheet. Global warming is also among major threats to wildlife existence. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an average increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius can cause extinction of 20-30% of species (Orru et al, 2017).

The History of Air Pollution and Climate Change

Back in the 13th and 14th centuries, the increased use of “sea coal” in England caused unbearable smoke in the environment, forcing royalty to flee to London. By mid 16th century, there was increased use of coal instead of wood and forests were severely cleared due to industrialization. The aftermath of World War II paved way to population growth, economic growth, drastic urbanization, and the shut-down of some transit system, which in turn led to over-reliance on personal cars for transport (Kovarik, n.d.). Consequently, air pollution started escalating. The 18th century too experienced air pollution crises from burning of wood, and crafts and industry. Smoke in cities with big coal and steel like England, Pittsburgh, Manchester, and USA was a symbol for wealth but not a health disaster. Smoke in stacks indicated job opportunities and prosperity (Kovarik, n.d.). Towards the middle of the 19th century, smoke clouded many British cities but few people saw it as a threat to health. It was until the 1952 killer fog in London that trade associations, politicians, and public health advocates became aggressive about air pollution and climate change.

History of Clean Air Act

In 1970, Congress passed the Clean Air Act and gave EPA the mandate to regulate pollution. Over the years, EPA has made great strides including eliminating lead from fuel and lowering sulfur levels, improved air quality, transportation vehicles are 98-99% cleaner compared to 1960s, and a spectrum of technological innovations in the industry (Kovarik, n.d.). EPA has set and improved emissions standards to monitor pollution from passenger vehicles, buses, heavy trucks, locomotive and marine engine, lawn and garden equipment, and construction and farm equipments. By 1999, the level of lead in the air had reduced by 94%.

Challenges of the Clean Air Act

Despite the commendable work the EPA has achieved, air pollution and climate change still need aggressive improvement. For countries like India, and China, air pollution is still a major problem, as evident from the smoky cities (WHO, 2016). The rising sea levels and crop failures are threatening present and future human health. Global warming is also jeopardizing air pollution in various regions, leading to health problems like asthma, and premature death. Due to climate change, ozone pollution is also worsening.

What can be done to Reduce Air Pollution and Climate Change

The Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency has developed programs to combat air pollution and climate change. Governments, organizations, and other stakeholders need to collaborate in raising awareness on air pollution and climate change. They need to implement more policies and programs to reduce air pollution. Households should use clean cooking stoves and reduce the use of coal and kerosene while increasing the use of biogas, ethanol, and LPG (WHO, 2016). Other remedies include; use of cooking stoves in well-ventilated environments and increased use of solar energy. Urban transport, urban planning, waste methane gas capture and building design can also reduce urban air pollution.

Conclusion

Air pollution and climate change are among the biggest threats to human health and the environment today. Currently, there are air pollution and climate change disasters including rising sea levels, extinction of forests and animal species, floods and droughts, smog in the atmosphere, and the damaged ozone layer. Air pollution and climate change are not modern problems. These issues stem back in the 13th and 14th centuries where smog was not viewed as a health threat until it started causing deaths. This led to the formation of EPA, which has worked to regulate air pollution and climate change. However, despite the tremendous achievements the Clean Air Act has delivered, the world is still experiencing air pollution and climate change. This calls for collaborative efforts of governments, organizations, public health activists and other stakeholders to reduce air pollution and climate change to make the environment safe.

References

WHO, (2016). Air Pollution, Climate and Health. Retrieved from who.int/sustainable-development/AirPollution_Climate_Health_Factsheet.pdf

Kovarik, B., (n.d.). Environmental History Timeline. Retrieved from http://environmentalhistory.org/about/airpollution/

Orru, H., Ebi, K.L., & Fosberg, B. (2017, Oct 28). The Interplay of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Health. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-017-0168-6

Sample Physical Science Critical Thinking on Post Washington Consensus my essay help uk: my essay help uk

The global economic state is grounded on the ability of developed and developing countries to withstand periods of economic depression and their recovery efforts. In the article, the authors’ thesis statement is that the Western developed countries, mainly, United States and Britain have lost their global economic dominance and influence resulting in an uptake of responsibilities from developing-emerging market such as China and Russia. The shift after the Washington Consensus was caused by the lack of proper social safety structures in developed countries thus making recovery process take longer. The authors Nancy Birdsall and Francis Fukuyama have vast knowledge in global economics and analysis of emerging markets. The information provided in the article is reliable since, on one hand, Nancy Birdsall has conducted research on global economic development and international development funding reforms as the president of Center for Global Development (Center for Global Development). Similarly, Francis Fukuyama has expertise in global politics from his education and research in political science, He has experience on international development philosophy, global capitalism and international politics (Stanford Edu).

The reasons presented by the authors for the observed reaction by the developing countries in the financial crisis are valid such as lack of social security nets in the capitalist market. The model leads to financial crisis as more and more elderly people fall into poverty due to lack of support. Among other reasons such as political regime in place, the authors clearly discuss the shift of dominance from American and Britain to other countries. The article eludes to the current situation in the United States where the social security fund is being adjusted to cater for more people (Social Security Administration). Clearly, the economic policies within a country determine its development in the global sector as well as the domestic impact. Therefore, having stability in political governance is a key aspect in remaining actively involved in global economic affairs.

Works Cited

Center for Global Development. “Nancy Birdsall.” Center for Global Development, 2018, www.cgdev.org/expert/nancy-birdsall. Accessed 7 June 2018.

Social Security Administration. “2018 Press Releases | Press Office | Social Security Administration.” The United States Social Security Administration, 2018, www.ssa.gov/news/press/releases/2018/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=oea-blog&utm_contentfield=#6-2018-1. Accessed 7 June 2018.

Stanford Edu. “Francis Fukuyama.” Biography | Francis Fukuyama, fukuyama.stanford.edu/. Accessed 7 June 2018.

Sample Management Essay Paper on Change Management and Change Leadership essay help site:edu: essay help site:edu

The distinction between change management and change leadership lies in the scale of the project, risk, and author of the change. In change management, the change encountered is on a small scale and usually done to ensure that the change is under control. Change management aims at using tools and process that control a pre-planned change to ensure that nothing goes wrong when the change is being implemented. One can conclude that change management aims at mitigating the risk associated with change. In change leadership, the change is usually on a large scale since it involves ideas that completely revolutionize the way things are done. Leaders who have a different vision for the future and can mobilize the resources required to effect that change usually undertake change leadership projects. These leaders are risk takers and go out of their comfort zone to realize a different future.

One competency that is a prerequisite for a change leader is collaboration. The leader must be able to bring different stakeholder together and unite them for the purpose of executing one goal. The second competency required is a commitment to the change process. The leader must commit to the change through his action and the effort he put in achieving the desired vision. The third competency is strategic thinking. This competency will allow the leader to visualize the change and come up with a way to achieve it.

One way that I can improve my collaboration competency is undertaking various group projects. By engaging in different groups I will understand how best to unionize everyone towards a common goal. In the case of commitment, not much is required to improve this competency. The reason is that being committed is just a decision one makes and decides to follow. To develop my risk tolerance, I will always evaluate the options that are not always safe. I will try new things and experience the joy in employing alternatives that others might think are risky.

The most important competency I think a change manager should have is task oriented. Since the change that managers oversee is usually short term, a task-oriented person should oversee the process. I also believe a change manager should be risk-averse. The goal of a change leader is to ensure that the process runs smoothly and therefore he should not tolerate any risk that might affect the change process. The last competency that is important for a change leader is accountability. This will help the change manager to ensure the projected changes always adhere to the budget.

To be a better change manager, I must first improve my concentration on any task that I have. I must ensure that any task that I undertake I give it my full concentration and ensure that I complete it within the estimated deadline. I will also endeavor to ensure that I opt for less risky outcomes in order to mitigate my risk. Making sure that I am risk averse in everyday situations will enable me to analyze any changes that a project might spring up and find the easiest solution with the least deviation to the desired outcome.

In summation, change management and change leadership are entirely different. The skills that one requires to be a change leader differ from the skills that are required to be a change manager. I believe that it is better to be a change leader than a change manager.

Sample HR Management Essay Paper on Military Discipline narrative essay help

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company was established in 1919 by Henry Ford. It is a global car manufacturing company involved in the business of design, manufacture, market and service of automobiles. The main brands are Ford and Lincoln. The company deals with retail sales, wholesale dealership, commercials fleet management and sale to governments.

Mission, Vision and Core Values

The company is driven by a vision statement that states, “People working together as a lean, global enterprise for automotive leadership”. The company believes that the ultimate goal is to ensure that customers, employees, investors, dealers, suppliers and communities are fully satisfied (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2015). Hence, the vision statement envisions aspects such as global leadership, lean business and emphasis on stakeholders. Accordingly, Ford Motor Company is the fifth biggest car manufacturing company and second in United States, after General Motors. Thus, the company aims to achieve global leadership through well coined and implemented human resources policies and social responsibility to employees. Thus, the mission of the entity is to deliver, efficient, innovative workforce solutions and experiences that improve the lives of the employees.

The workforce has been crucial in the success of the company, and so management strategically plans on how to improve their skills through training and education. Strategic human resource management requires for companies to think of ways aimed at improving skills and proficiency of their employees (Ashcraft and Stone, 2012). This would allow employees keep abreast with new technological development and knowledge. Strategic priority and vision of Ford impacts on human resource management practices because it recognizes the need to create world-class human resource solutions to establish constructive business partnerships. The core value of the enterprise is, “One Team, One Plan and One Goal”. It is imperative for employees to work as teams to achieve set goals according to well laid out plan. Therefore, strategic plans formulated by the company’s management are geared towards unity of purpose to ensure that each unit contributes towards company’s success. 

Environmental Analysis

Business enterprises cannot operate in isolation. Environmental factors impacts on operations especially human resource practices. Environmental actors have presented opportunities for the company. For example, climate change has created opportunities for Ford to manufacture sustainable products with regards to environmental conservation. These efforts have also been geared towards reducing carbon footprints in the environment. Further, strategic goals to manufacture electric cars have been motivated by the decline in oil reserves across the globe. It has been revealed that Ford has partnered with suppliers through its PACE program to sanitize production and supply chain to reduce carbon emissions and water usage (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission., 2014). Strategically, human resource policies must take into account how to foster such partnership with suppliers through training on environmental conservation and climate change.

Internal or External Industry Trends and Economic Factors

Globalization has created internal and external issues that can positively and negatively impact on a business. For instance, immigration has seen many people travel to other countries in search of employment opportunities. Moreover, stiff competition in the business world has prompted companies to engage services of unqualified personnel who are then subjected to unfavorable working conditions. Distinctively, the motor industry is quite competitive and each firm tends to fight for market domination while remaining relevant in the wake of technological development. Ford Company faces series of opportunities and threats in regards to external, internal and economic factors. For example, the growth of the United States economy has created an opportunity for the entity to grow. Likewise, growth in international markets has been critical in allowing the company makes inroads in developing countries where it has been able to access new markets. However, the strengthening of the United States dollar has reduces profit margins and attractiveness of products that fundamentally may fail to appeal to the customers. As a matter of fact, strategic human resource management requires that employees are proactive and kept abreast with the current economic development witnessed in the industry. Hence, the company may be forced to strategically think of how to maintain labor in light of prevailing conditions.  

Legal and Legislative Issues

Business activities conducted by Ford adequately satisfy legal requirements. Notably, the company derives opportunity from environmental protection regulation. Legislative laws and regulation cushion Ford from unfair competition and trade practices. Further, increased safety enforcements and regulations enable the company to improve on product designs that ultimately appeal to customers. Consequently, protection of intellectual property rights enables Ford to creatively design unique products that cannot be mimicked by other companies. Hence, Ford can potentially grow in regards to the changes witnessed in the external legal environment. On the same note, Ford has complied with all employee laws and regulations. Strategically, Ford must continue complying with available employee laws to aid in improving the working conditions thus motivating them to effectively addressed business and customer needs.

Internal or External Technological Changes

Technology has enabled Ford to grow sand compete within the motor industry. Continued use of mobile computing has created an opportunity to grow in regards to mobile service support and marketing. Besides, the company has been able to enhance and improve on its online services by effectively delivering products through a robust supply chain. However, changes in technology may pose threats in cases where automobiles manufactured by the company fail to access alternative fuel stations. Notably, electric cars may have limited markets especially places not connected to electricity. Strategically, Ford needs to implement good human resource practices that focuses on service improvements and technological enhancement that guaranteed survival in the industry.

Demographic or Labor Trends

These factors have not impacted so much on the company because Ford identifies valuable talents, trains and then retain them. There have not been major cases where employees leave the company in search of new working environments.

Social Concerns

Ford has been able to grow by providing products that socially appeal to the people. It derives opportunities through provision of products that attract customers. Environmental sustainability has been a pillar in regards to the growth of the company. Ford effectively addresses the needs of underserved communities. As a way of promoting products and services, Ford has provided basic amenities such as water and medical care to rural African countries. Employees have been supportive in this endeavor. However, sound human resource practices must empower employees to address normal and unique needs of communities.

Objectives, Financial and Strategic Goals

The objective of Ford is to be a market leader in automobile manufacturing. Financial and strategic goals have always been to make people happy, generate more profits and promote environmental sustainability through collaboration with all stakeholders. Employees are important in all these because they drive operation and implement policies. Sound human resources practices are crucial in providing paths towards achievement of future goals. Notably, employees must be involved in decision making and formulation of objectives and strategic goals.

References

Ashcraft, R. and Stone, M. (2012). Introduction. Nonprofit Management and Leadership,

 Retrieved from: doi.org/10.1002/nml.21052. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

U.S. Department of Commerce (2015). The Automotive industry in the United States. Available

at: http://selectusa.commerce.gov/industry-snapshots/automotive-industry-united-states.html. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2014). Ford Motor company. Available at:

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/37996/000003799615000013/f1231201410-k.htm. Retrieved June, 2018.

Sample Sociology Essay Paper on Gender Gap in Pay essay help fairfax: essay help fairfax

Gender Gap in Pay

Learn

The findings of the research found at that gender gap in pay persist even though it has been diminishing over time. If we take the statics of the last two years, women were paid 80% of what men were paid in 2016, but their pay increased to 82% in 2017. Even if you go further down the line, women in the 1980’s experienced a 36-cent pay gap, which was higher than the 18-cent pay gap they experience today. The research also concluded that women in different age brackets earned different pays when compared to men in the same profession. Women who were in the age bracket of 25 – 34 earned 89% of what men earned while all the other women outside that bracket earned 82% of the men earnings. The research, therefore, concluded that the gap between gender pay is reducing over time, but it still exists.

Theory

One way that the persistent gender pay gap can be explained is from the functionalist perspective. This sociological perspective acknowledges that gender pay gap must exist because of the division of labor. In this theory, the society is made up of various parts that are quite complex and must, therefore, work together to ensure that the society is functioning properly. These different parts must all perform different tasks to ensure the society is sustained. Thus, the role of women in this society is to take care of the family while that of the man is supposed to provide for the family. Due to this man, will be paid a higher salary as compared to women since their role is more dominant than that of the woman. Consequently, the gender gap exists so that men can perform better in their role as providers while women as the primary caregivers.

Explaining the gender pay gap using the functionalist approach fails to consider other factors affecting this issue. This theory fails to account for the role gender discrimination plays in the pay gap. By assigning women, the role of primary caregivers is discriminating against them and therefore should not be considered as a division of labor. Women are just as capable as men are and have the ability to undertake the role of providers for the family. Therefore this role is limited is that it does not consider the suppression of women in the workplace.

Solution

The first issue that needs to be addressed is the paid leave for mothers. Since the pay discrepancy is partly due to many women having to leave work to take care of their babies, then they should have a compulsory paid leave in the event they need one. This will ensure that the women’s pay is not affected by their duties as a mothers. Another way that the pay discrepancy can be sorted is by increasing transparency in payment of wages This way everyone will be able to access the payment information, and any bias will be visible. This will help ensure that there is equitable pay between men and women in the same professions.

Future research that will be helpful in addressing the issue is finding ways to collect information and data better. Institutions should come up with ways to collect and share all pays regarding their employees. If a way to collect this information is availed, then there will be no more secrets regarding the pay individuals receive. It will ensure individual in the same fields are given equal pay since the payment details will be transparent.

Sample Nursing Essay Paper on Benchmark – Community Teaching Plan: Community Presentation need essay help

1.         Public health clinic

            A healthy society is a wealthy society. Health is a paramount aspect that not only affects productivity, but also the economic status of the nation. It is for this profound reason that public health clinics have been established with an aim of transforming and improving the healthcare systems in the country. The established public health clinics within the community purpose to provide you with continuous and comprehensive medical care.

2.         Community health center

            The idea of establishing healthcare Centre’s within the community was first coined 45 years ago. The existence Community Health Centre’s have led to tremendous evolution of the healthcare system in the country. The community health Centre is among the various health institutions that continue to serve every patient from all walks of life. In addition, the health Centre’s provide advanced healthcare services that address both specific and diverse medical needs of the community. The various health Centre’s within the community are governed by different board of directors that are made up of community leaders, medical practitioners, patients, and the community members.

3.         Long-term care facility

            Over the recent past, the country has experienced an unprecedented increase of the elderly population. Concurrently, the alarming rise of the elderly leads to an increase in the healthcare costs that overwhelmingly burdens the government. Some of the common medical conditions affecting the elderly population include; chronic diseases and old age associated illnesses. It is for this profound reason that the healthcare sector initiated the development of long-term health care facilities for the elderly population within the country. The long-term health care facility within the locality has helped a vast majority of the elderly population by providing them with a second home where they can be taken care of by the erudite nurses and other healthcare practitioners. A long-term care facility offers an array of services from nursing homes to providing specialized healthcare services for the elderly community.

4.         Transitional care facility

Transitional care facility was developed with the intent of providing patients an easy transition from one medical institution to another level of institution. The transitional care facility provide comprehensive, high-quality care services to patients. Most of the patients within transitional rehabilitation Centre are in pursuit for proper rehabilitation after drinking ordeals. In addition, transitional care facilities also serve as nursing homes for the elderly population requiring special attention and healthcare services. Additionally, patients in transitional care facilities may receive physical therapies, social services, recreational therapy, and dietary consults.

5.         Home health center

To ensure people with specialized healthcare needs receive the best services, it is important for a community to have a home health Centre. Home health Centre plays a critical role in providing home care services to the chronically ill, elderly, disabled, or patients recovering from surgeries. Some of the basic home services include; health care, personal care, and cleaning services.

6.         University/School health center

School health Centre’s are known to be primarily located within school or university compounds. School health Centre serve to provide the students with the necessary healthcare needs and demands. Furthermore, the health Centre seeks to provide high quality, affordable healthcare services not only to the students but also to infants and adolescents on local school campuses.

7.         Church community

            A church community is known to play a key role in improving the living standards of the people within the community. Church is the lifeline of any society as it positively affects the community and the society. Most churches are known to develop healthy communities by starting church community health care Centre’s that attempt to provide medical solutions every ill person within the community.

8.         Adult/Child care center

            The adult/child care Centre was established with the intent of providing temporary care services to the adults and children. As more parents get employed, the demand for child day care services also increases drastically. The adult/child care Centre thereby caters to the needs of the children, the elderly, and the children.