Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 1 of 10 Instructions to Student Answer all questions. Deadline of submission: 2/12/2020 23:59 References should be cited clearly at every statements, figures and tables when it is needed and it will be considered in the marking scheme. Marks will be awarded for the content written in your own words. Explain your notations and steps explicitly and clearly. Marking scheme will consider not only the correctness of your answers but also the clarity of your explanations. The marks received on the assignment will be scaled down to the actual weightage of the assignment which is 50 marks Formative feedback on the complete assignment draft will be provided if the draft is submitted at least 10 days before the final submission date. Feedback after final evaluation will be provided by 12/12/2020 Module Learning Outcomes The following LOs are achieved by the student by completing the assignment successfully 1. Determine an understanding of the workings and utility of an engineering product and evaluate its market competitiveness. Discuss professional and ethical responsibilities, including sustainability, relating to the product. 2. Measure a range of engineering components, considering the size, geometric form and surface condition of key features and assessing the measurements with respect to associated detailed drawings Assignment Objective This assignment aims to investigate and test the student’s capabilities in understanding and applying the main concepts of the Mechanical Product Innovation and also the basics in Metrology. IN SEMESTER (INDIVIDUAL) ASSIGNMENT Module Code: MECH 0024 Module Name: Mechanical Product Innovation 1 Level: 1 Max. Marks: 100 Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 2 of 10 Assignment Tasks Task 1 Figure 1a below shown an innovation of camera from late 19th century to the latest camera in Figure 1b. There are many innovation have been done to the previous camera in term of its size, weight, features, function ability, its accuracy etc. You are required to discuss any product (one product only) that gone through the innovation process. The discussion should be based on the a) The problemsthat have been faced by the product previously (Discuss 5 points). You need to discuss at least by 100 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (10 Marks) b) Describe solutions used to solve the problems (Discuss 5 points). You need to discuss at least by 100 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (10 Marks) c) Finally, you are require to sell your product to the market, based on the user study, explain the next steps that you will follow as an innovator, till it reaches the hands of the customer. You need to discuss at least by 200 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (20 Marks) Late 19th century studio camera (Janez Novak, 2005) The Polaroid C3 (Lyndsey Gilpin, 2014) Figure 1: Innovation of camera a) b) Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 3 of 10 Task 2 There are six phases in the generic product development process. Discuss in details these phases and the discussion is based on your product as in the Task 1. You need to discuss at least by 200 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (20 Marks) Task 3 Do estimation for measurement of your product in Task 1, you might consider the size, height, width, length, geometric form, colors, materials and surface condition (hard/soft etc.) as well any other key features with respect to associated detailed drawings. You may provide by hand sketching or by the aided of computer software. It should be in 3D and the details of drawing can be provided by 2D. The discussion is limited to 100 word. Give appropriate reference and citation for your discussion. (20 Marks) Task 4 a. Describe in detailtwo Linear Measurement Devices used in Metrology Lab with its special characteristics and images. You may discuss its application and how to use it. You need to discuss at least by 100 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (10 Marks) b. Describe in detail two Angular Measurement Devices used in Metrology Lab with its special characteristics and images. You may discuss its application and how to use it. You need to discuss at least by 100 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer. (10 Marks) References: [1] Janez Novak (2005). Late 19th century studio camera. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_camera#/media/File:Studijskifotoaparat.JPG [2] Lyndsey Gilpin (2014). Camera innovation: 10 products that are changing how we take photos and videos. Retrieved from https://www.techrepublic.com/article/camera-innovation-10-products-that-arechanging-how-we-take-photos-and-videos/ Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 4 of 10 Rules & Regulations: All resources should be cited using CU Harvard style. The final assignment must have a Title page, Table of Contents, References/ bibliography using CU Harvard Style and page numbers. Title Page must have Assignment Name, Module name, Session, your name, ID, and the name of the faculty. Softcopy in word format is to be submitted through Turnitin link on Moodle. Viva will be conducted after the assignment submission as per the dates informed earlier. Guidelines: Assignment must be computer typed. Font – Times New Roman Font – Style – Regular Font – Size – 12 Heading should be with Font Size 14, Bold, Capital and Underline. Explain with suitable diagrams wherever required. Diagrams must be drawn using suitable software or by pencil. Each student has to do the assignment individually / Students have to do the assignment collaboratively and each student should write a brief reflection on their contribution and learnings from group work. You can refer books in E-Library or use internet resource. But you should not cut and paste material from internet nor provide photocopied material from books. The assignment answers should be in your own words after understanding the matter from the above resources. Assessment Evaluation Criteria Classification And % Range Reflection and critical analysis. Knowledge and Understanding/ Application of Theory Evidence of Reading Referencing and Bibliography Presentation, Grammar and Spelling Outstanding 91-100 Highly competent analytical skills and reflective practice, demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required professional values and principles and professional development planning. Extensive knowledge and depth of understanding of principles and concepts and /or outstanding application of theory in practice. Evidence of reading an extensive range of educational literature/research and where applicable workplace strategies, policies and procedures. Accurate referencing and bibliography correctly using appropriate referencing style Excellent presentation, logically structured, using correct grammar and spelling, excellent crossreferencing and links to supporting evidence Excellent 81–90 Strong analytical skills and reflective practice used, demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required professional values, principles and competencies and professional development planning. Excellent knowledge and understanding of principles and concepts and /or excellent knowledge and understanding of the application of theory in practice Evidence of reading a wide range of educational literature/research and where applicable, workplace strategies, policies and procedures. Appropriate referencing and bibliography correctly using appropriate referencing style Good presentation, competently structured, using correct grammar and spelling, clear and easy to use links to supporting evidence Very Good Quality 71-80 Good use of analytical skills and reflective practice demonstrating personal learning and growth, Good knowledge or key principles and concepts and/or good knowledge of Evidence of reading a good range of educational literature/research and where applicable workplace Generally well referenced with correct use of the appropriate referencing style Reasonable presentation, completely structured, acceptable grammar and Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 5 of 10 insight into required professional values, principles and competencies and professional development planning. the application of theory in practice strategies, policies and procedures. spelling, acceptable links to supporting evidence Good (Acceptable) 61-70 Acceptable use of analytical skills and reflective practice demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required professional values, principles and competencies and professional development planning. Acceptable knowledge of key principles and concepts and/or knowledge of the application of theory in practice Evidence of reading an appropriate range of educational literature/research and where applicable, relevant workplace policies and procedures Adequate referencing. Generally accurate use of appropriate referencing style Adequate presentation and structure, acceptable grammar and spelling, adequate links to supporting evidence Adequate/ Satisfactory 51-60 Adequate use of analytical skills and reflective practice demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required professional values, principles and competencies and professional development planning. Adequate knowledge of key principles and concepts and/or satisfactory evidence of the application of theory in practice. Evidence of minimal reading of educational literature/research and where applicable relevant workplace policies and procedures Adequate referencing. Appropriate referencing style used but may contain some inaccuracies. Weak presentation , satisfactory structure, grammar and spelling, links to supporting evidence Weak /Poor (all learning outcomes not adequately met) 0-50 Little use of analytical skills and reflective practice demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required competencies and/or professional development planning. Professional values and principles not reflected in the submission. and/or Insufficient/no use of analytical skills and reflective practice demonstrating personal learning and growth, insight into required competencies and professional development planning Little evidence of knowledge of key principles or concepts and/or little evidence of the application of theory in practice and/or No evidence of knowledge of key principles or concepts and/or no evidence of application of theory in practice Little or no evidence of reading outside of the course textbook and/or reference to relevant work place policies and procedures and/or No evidence of reading outside of the course textbook and/or reference to relevant workplace policies and procedures Little or no referencing, incorrect style, or very inaccurate use of appropriate referencing style Poor presentation, grammar and spelling, links to supporting evidence and/or Unacceptable presentation, grammar and spelling, structure is very poor, links to supporting evidence Important Policies to be followed 1. Student Academic Integrity Policy*: MEC upholds the spirit of academic integrity in all forms of academic work and any form of violation of academic integrity shall invite severe penalty. Any benefit obtained by indulging in the act of violation of academic integrity shall be cancelled. MEC also reserves the right to notify the appropriate law enforcement authorities of any unlawful activity and to cooperate thereafter in any investigation of such activity. Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 6 of 10 Faculty can conduct a viva to investigate and ascertain that the work submitted is student’s own work as per the guidelines for the same. A student can be given a maximum of 2 chances to attend the viva in such cases. It is expected that the student attends the viva during the first chance itself unless due to extenuating circumstances. If the student does not attend the viva in spite of being given 2 chances and fails to submit valid reasons, he/she will be awarded a fail in the module and this shall be counted as a case of academic integrity violation. All cases of violation of academic integrity on the part of the student shall fall under any of the below mentioned categories: 1. Plagiarism 2. Malpractice 3. Ghost Writing 4. Collusion 5. Other cases If the student fails a module and has a proven case of academic integrity violation in this module, the student is required to re-register the module. This is applicable to first and second offence of academic integrity violation of plagiarism type 1.1. First Offence of Academic Integrity Violation: 1.1.1. Plagiarism a. If a student is caught first time in an act of academic integrity violation during his/her course of study in any assignment other than project work and if the type of violation is plagiarism, then the student will be allowed to re-submit the assignment once as per the period allowed for re submission However, a penalty of deduction of 25% of the marks obtained for the resubmitted work will be imposed. b. Period of re-submission: The student will have to re-submit the work within one week (5 working days) from the date he or she is advised to re-submit. c. Re-submission of the work beyond the allowed period of resubmission will not be accepted and the assessment will be awarded a zero mark. d. If the re-submitted work (within the allowed period of resubmission) is also found to be plagiarized, then that assessment component will be awarded a zero mark. Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 7 of 10 It shall also contribute to the total count of academic integrity violation for that student. e. If plagiarism is detected in UG Project work (Project 1, Project Planning and Project Design and Implementation), the above clauses do not apply, and the work will be summarily rejected. In these cases the student will be awarded a fail (F) grade and is required to reregister the module. 1.1.2. Malpractice / Ghostwriting / Collusion If a student is caught first time in an act academic integrity violation during his/her course of study for an assessment component irrespective of coursework or end semester and if the type of violation is Malpractice/Ghostwriting/Collusion, then the student shall fail the module. 1.2. Second Offence of Academic Integrity Violation: 1.2.1. Plagiarism a. If any student is caught second time in an act of academic integrity violation during his/her course of study and if the type of violation is plagiarism, then the student will not be allowed to resubmit the work, and s/he will directly be awarded zero for the work in which plagiarism is detected. b. The student shall also receive a warning of suspension in such cases. 1.2.2. Malpractice/Ghostwriting/Collusion a. If a student is caught a second time in an act academic integrity violation for an assessment component irrespective of coursework or end semester and if the type of violation is Malpractice/Ghostwriting/Collusion, then the student shall fail the module. b. The student shall also receive a warning of suspension in such cases. 1.3. Third Offence of Academic Integrity Violation: a. If a student is caught a third time in an act of academic integrity violation for an assessment component irrespective of coursework or end semester then the student shall fail the module and also shall be suspended for one semester from the College, once the academic integrity violation case is confirmed by Institutional Assessment Review Committee. b. The student shall be suspended for the immediate subsequent semester and can register for modules only after having served the suspension period fully. This is also applicable for semesters offered in block mode. c. During the suspension period, the student shall have to mandatorily complete a course on academic integrity/writing before s/he can register for any modules. Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 8 of 10 d. During the period of suspension, the student shall be allowed to attempt supplementary examinations if s/he is eligible for the same. S/he shall also be allowed access to all college facilities permitted for a regular student except for registering the modules. 1.4. Fourth Offence of Academic Integrity Violation: a. If a student is caught a fourth time in an act of academic integrity violation for an assessment component irrespective of coursework or end semester, the student shall fail the module and also shall be expelled from the College, once the case is confirmed by Institutional Assessment Review Committee. b. The student shall be expelled from the college and all access to the college facilities and premises shall cease to exist. The documents shall be released only after getting the NOC (No Objection Certificate) from Registration Office. c. `On termination, the student shall not be refunded any fees paid for the academic semester in which academic integrity violation was observed. 1.5. Other cases If a student commits an act of academic integrity violation as per the definition of “other cases” mentioned in the previous section or of a different nature, student’s case shall be forwarded to an Institutional Assessment Review Committee, Chaired by the Associate Dean, Academic Affairs. The committee shall investigate the case by means of a viva and/or a hearing of the parties concerned if required and shall take appropriate decision. The penalty that can be granted to a proven case of academic integrity violation which falls in this category of “other cases” can be a warning/component zero/ module fail/suspension/expulsion depending on the nature and gravity of the offence. 1.6. Types/Variations of cases of Plagiarism and associated actions Type 1: In case plagiarism is detected in any component or part submission (submitted at different times) of one assessment (assignment), the deduction in marks will be applicable for the whole assessment (assignment), even if only the component or part submission alone needs to be resubmitted. Type 2: In case plagiarism is detected in a group assessment, all students of the group will be considered as having committed an act of plagiarism irrespective of whether plagiarism is on account of the act of all or a few or only one member. The policy will then be applied to all students. If some students in the group are eligible to re-submit (first offence) and others are not eligible, only eligible students will be allowed to re-submit within a period of one week and the penalty will be applied as per the policy for each student according to his / her history of violations. Type 3: Combination of Type 1 and Type 2: In case plagiarism is detected in any component or part submission (submitted at different times) of a group assessment (assignment), the deduction in marks will be applicable for the whole assessment (assignment), even if only the component or part submission alone needs to be resubmitted. All students of the group would be considered as having committed an act of plagiarism irrespective of whether Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 9 of 10 plagiarism is on account of the act of all or a few or only one member. The policy will then be applied to all the students of the group. If some students in the group are eligible to re-submit (first offence) and others are not eligible, only eligible students will be allowed to re-submit within a period of one week and the penalty will be applied as per the policy for each student according to his / her history of violation. Type 4: Variation of Type 1 and Type 2: In cases where the assessment consists of components or part submissions that could be a group assessment component (e.g. group assignment) and an individual assessment component (e.g. individual reflection), the following will be applicable: a. If plagiarism is detected in the group assessment component, all students of the group will be considered as having committed an act of plagiarism, irrespective of whether plagiarism is on account of the act of all or a few or only one member. The policy will then be applied to all students of the group. In such cases the group assessment component will be resubmitted. If some students in the group are eligible to re-submit (first offence) and others are not eligible, only eligible students will be allowed to re-submit within a period of one week and the penalty will be applied for each student according to his / her history of violation. b. If plagiarism is detected in the individual assessment component, the individual assessment component will be resubmitted – if the student is eligible for resubmission-. The policy will then be applied to that student alone. c. In both cases (a) and/or (b), the deduction in marks will be applicable for the whole assessment (assignment). 1.7. Types/Variation of Cases of Multiple Offences If student is caught with multiple violations of same or different nature in different modules of the same semester, they will be considered as one offence and student will be penalized for each violation according to the type of the offence. If student is caught with multiple violations of same or different nature in the same module of the same semester, then they will be considered as different offences and each will contribute to the overall count of AIV. The student then shall be penalized for each violation according to the count and type of each offence. * For further details Refer to MEC Student Academic Integrity Policy in Student Handbook. 2. Late Submission Regulations: It is the students’ responsibility to check all relevant timelines related to assessments. As per the Assessment Policy at MEC, late submissions are allowed for one week (5 working days) for all UG modules with a penalty. In such cases, a deduction of 5% of the marks obtained for the Mechanical Product Innovation 1 (MECH 0024) – Fall – 2020 – CW 1 (Assignment 1) – SessionA & B– QP MEC_AMO_TEM_035_02 Page 10 of 10 submitted work shall be imposed for each working day following the last date of submission till the date of actual submission. Assessment documents submitted beyond a period of one week (5 working days) after the last date of submission will not be accepted and will be awarded a zero for that assessment. In cases where the submission has been delayed due to extenuating circumstances, the student may be permitted to submit the work without imposing the late submission policy stated above. The extended period of submission will be one week from the original last date of submission. In such cases, the student is expected to submit the supporting certificates on or before the original last date of submission of the assessment and the decision of extension rests with faculty responsible for the assessment .The late submission policy shall be applied if the student fails to submit the work within one week of the original last date of submission. Students may contact their teachers for clarification on specific details of the submission time if required. 3. Research Ethics and Biosafety Policy To protect and respect the rights, dignity, health, safety, and privacy of research subjects involved including the welfare of animals and the integrity of environment, all student projects are expected to be undertaken as per the MEC Research Ethics and Biosafety Policy. Accordingly the following shall apply. Research and other enterprise activities shall be conducted by maintaining the high ethical standards consistent with national and international standards and conventions. Any research at MEC that is categorized as high-risk research shall be subject to review and approval by the Research Ethics and Biosafety Committee. Research activities involving collection of human or animal tissues and manipulation of microbial, animal or plant cells shall be subject to review and approval by the Research Ethics and Biosafety Committee. Participants involved in research must be informed about the purpose of research and intended uses of research findings. Written consent must be obtained from people involved prior to the commencement of research. Data obtained from participants must be treated with high confidence and should be used only for the intended purpose of research.
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Emotional Development Assignment essay help 123: essay help 123
The First Two Years : Psychosocial Development
WHAT WILL YOU KNOW ? 1. What happens to babies who may be considered difficult? 2. How do babies show us how responsive their parents are ? 3. What happens in terms of caregiving due to lack of maternity leave in the US?
Emotional Development (part 1)
Early emotions
High emotional responsiveness
Reactive pain and pleasure to complex social awareness
Smiling and laughing
Social smile (6 weeks) is evoked by viewing human faces . Laughter (3 to 4 months ) is often associated with curiosity.
Emotional Development ( part 2)
All social emotions affect the brain; abuse and unpredictable responses are especially destructive . Anger
First expressed at around 6 months Is healthy response to frustration
Sadness
Appears in first months Indicates withdrawal and is accompanied by increased production of cortisol Is stressful experience for infants
Infant Emotional Development
Fear
Emerges at about 9 months in response to people, things, or situations
Stranger wariness
It may seem as an infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries o looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too close.
Separation anxiety
Tears , dismay , or anger occur when a familiar caregiver leaves .
If it remains strong after age 3, it may be considered an emotional disorder .
Toddlers’ Emotions
Toddler emotions strengthen with memory and mobility advances.
Anger and fear become less frequent and more focused .
Laughing and crying become louder and more discriminating .
Temper tantrums may appear.
Social awareness is influenced by context and culture .
Pride
Shame
Embarrassment
Disgust
Guilt
Empathy and generosity
Emotional Development (part 3)
Self -awareness
Part of foundation for emotional growth
*Person’s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people
Empathy and generosity emerge apart from selfish motives.
Emotional Development ( part 4 )
Mirror recognition : Classic experiment ( M. Lewis & Brooks , 1978)
*Babies aged 9-24 months looked into a mirror after a dot of rouge had been put on their noses .
*None of the babies younger than 12 months old reacted as if they knew the mark was on them .
*15- to 24 – month -olds showed self – awareness by touching their own noses with curiosity .
Expressing Emotions
Brain maturation is crucial for emotional development, especially in response to others.
*Experience (context, ethnicity , culture) connects amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
*Innate reactions and caregiver actions activate and prune neurons in the moldable infant brain.
Brain and Emotions
Experience and culture
Shape functional anatomy of self -representation Emotional social impulses
Directly connected to maturation of the anterior cingulate gyrus and other parts of limbic system Related to development of preferences for specific others.
Emotional Development ( part 6)
Temperament over the years
New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS)
*Started in the 1960s
* Found infants manifest nine traits that cluster into four categories ; only three dimensions found in future studies .
NYLS
Core sample: 133 white , middle class infants (66 m males, 67 females)
1956-1988 observations and interviews At 3, 100 mothers and 93 fathers were interviewed and completed a Parental Attitude Research Instrument (Schaefer and Bell , 1958)
Profiling held as early as – 3mor of age Goodness of fit!
Temperament ( part 1)
Recent research also supports temperament related continuity and change in infants.
Later hostility is less when mothers were loving and patient with angry infants (Pickles and colleagues, 2013 ).
Increased risk for later emotional problems in difficult temperament infants related to difficult maternal pregnancy/birth and sion / a * n anxiety (Garthus-Niege and colleagues, 2017).
Difficult infants become easier with excellent parental care ( Belsky and colleagues, 2009 ) and more difficult with chaotic, erratic parenting (Saudino and colleagues 2015) .
Development of Social Bonds (part 1)
Synchrony
*Coordinated , rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant.
Synchrony in the first few months
Becomes more frequent and elaborate
Helps infants learn to read others ‘ emotions and to develop the skills of social interaction
Usually begins with parents imitating infants
Neglected Synchrony
Experiments using the still- face technique *Experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face -to- face interaction with an infant
* Babies are very upset by the still face and show signs of stress
Conclusions
*Parent’s responsiveness to an infant aids psychological and biological development .
*Infants’ brains need social interaction to develop to their fullest .
Development of Social Bonds (part 2)
Attachment
* Involves lasting emotional bond that one person has with another
* Begins to form in early infancy and influences a person’s close relationships throughout life *Overtakes synchrony
*Demonstrated through proximity -seeking and contact maintaining
Insecure Attachment and Social Setting
Findings
Harsh contexts, especially the stresses of poverty, reduce the incidence of secure attachment . Insecure attachment correlates with many later problems.
Cautions
Insecure attachment may be a sign but may not be the direct cause of those problems. Attachment behaviors in the Strange Situation constitute only one indication of the quality of the parent-child relationship.
Correlation is not causation !
Attachment Parenting
Approach
Prioritizes mother infant relationship during the first three years of life
Criticisms
* Maternal guilt if not 24/7 accessible
* Less appreciation of alloparents
Development of Social Bonds Insights from Romania
* In the early 1990s , thousands of children were adopted from Romanian orphanages. Many of these children displayed adverse outcomes.
*Research on them confirms that early experience, not genetics , is their main problem. Josef Polleross/The Image Works.
Social referencing
*With increased mobility and maturation, toddlers use social referencing to detect what is safe, unsafe , and exciting in their environment .
*Referencing is used in consistent and selective ways.
Fathers as Social Partners
Synchrony, attachment, social referencing are sometimes more apparent with fathers than mothers . Contemporary U.S. fathers of all ethnic groups are more involved with their children than their fathers were .
*Fathers: Eliciting more smiles, playing more exciting games
* Mothers: Caregiving, comforting, smiling .
Theories of Infant Psychosocial Development (part 1)
Infant’s earliest years are influenced by significant adults in their lives .
Psychoanalytic theory
* Freud: Mother influences infant’s oral and anal pleasure .
* Erikson : Trust and autonomy fostered in early childhood affect lifelong development .
Theories of Infant Psychosocial Development ( part 2) .
Behaviorism
* Child behavior is molded with parental reinforcement or punishment .
* Child behavior also reflects social learning .
*Proximal parenting and distal parenting are especially influenced by culture.
Theories of Infant Psychosocial Development (part 3)
Cognitive theory
* Infants develop working models that can be interpreted and reinterpreted.
Evolutionary theory
* Caregivers and infants possess innate impulses and emotions that contribute to survival and development (e.g., attachment).
Cost of Child Rearing
Parenting involves substantial physical and emotional costs.
Allocare is essential for human survival.
Same Situation , Far Apart: Safekeeping Historically , grandmothers were sometimes crucial for child survival.
Sociocultural Theory
Cultural variations impact every aspect of infant care, including infant day care.
* Worldwide , mothers provide most newborn care with sociocultural differences in allocare. In the United States, for infants under 1 year, 58 % of their mothers were in the labor force.
*Variations in ideas about infant day care are largely due to cultural background .
Infant Day Care and Attachment
* Attachment to someone is beneficial .
* Frequent changes and instability is problematic . *Infants benefit from a strong relationship with parents . *Infant day-care settings vary worldwide and are affected by culture, economics, and politics.
Recent Past and Present
*Belsky raised questions about long-term consequences of infant day care .
*Canadian research reported differential day care effects based on gender, income, and caregiver
*U.S. research found differential results in center care based on family income and mother sensitivity and program quality.
* Cognitive advances , especially language.
*Social consequences.
High -Quality Day Care
High-quality day care during infancy has five essential characteristics.
Adequate attention to each infant
Encouragement of language and sensorimotor development
Attention to health and safety
Professional caregivers
Warm and responsive caregivers
Conclusions
. Individualized care with stable caregivers seems best . Every infant needs personal responsiveness. *Relationships are crucial.
^Infant and caregiver
^Caregiver and parents
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Nursing Multidimensional Care write my essay help: write my essay help
Module 09 Written Assignment – Endocrine Disorders Guide
Competency
Evaluate responses to nursing interventions for clients with endocrine disorders.
Scenario
You are working as a nurse supervisor. You are finding a lot of new nurses are unfamiliar with certain endocrine disorders. You have decided to put together a guide for these nurses to educate them on different endocrine diseases and provide them with ways to provide quality multidimensional care.
Instructions
Compare and contrast two endocrine disorders within the guide. Include the following information:
Identify and compare the causes and diagnostic tests.
Identify and compare the signs and symptoms of the disorder.
Describe the nurses’ role in caring for a patient that suffers from this disorder to include the multidimensional aspects of nursing care.
Identify how you will evaluate responses to the interventions taken for each disorder.
Medical Surgical Gastrointestinal Disorders Case Study write my essay help
Gastrointestinal Disorders.
T.H., a 57-year-old stockbroker, has come to the gastroenterologist for treatment of recurrent mild to severe cramping in his abdomen and blood-streaked stool. You are the registered nurse doing his initial workup. Your findings include a mildly obese man who demonstrates moderate guarding of his abdomen with both direct and rebound tenderness, especially in the left lower quadrant (LLQ). His vital signs are 168/98, 110, 24, 100.4° F (38° C); he is slightly diaphoretic. T.H. reports that he has periodic constipation. He has had previous episodes of abdominal cramping, but this time the pain is getting worse. Past medical history reveals that T.H. has a “sedentary job with lots of emotional moments,” he has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for 30 years, and he had “two or three mixed drinks in the evening” until 2 months ago. He states, “I haven’t had anything to drink in 2 months.” He denies having regular exercise: “just no time.” His diet consists mostly of “white bread, meat, potatoes, and ice cream with fruit and nuts over it.” He denies having a history of cardiac or pulmonary problems and has no personal history of cancer, although his father and older brother died of colon cancer. He takes no medications and denies the use of any other drugs or herbal products.
. 1. Identify four general health risk problems that T.H. exhibits.
2. Identify a key factor in his family history that might have profound implications for his health and present state of mind.
3.The physician ordered a KUB (x-ray study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder), complete blood count (CBC), and complete metabolic profile. Based on x-ray and laboratory findings, physical examination findings, and history, the physician diagnoses T.H. as having acute diverticulitis and discusses an outpatient treatment plan with him.What is diverticulitis? What are the consequences of untreated diverticulitis?
4.While the patient is experiencing the severe crampy pain of acute diverticulitis, what interventions would you perform to help him feel more comfortable?
5. What is the rationale for ordering bed rest?
T.H. is being sent home with prescriptions for metronidazole (Flagyl) 500mg PO q6h, ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500mg PO q12h, and dicyclomine (Bentyl) 20mg 4 tomes per day for 5 days.
6.For each medication, state the drug class and the purpose for T.H.
7.Given his history, what questions must you ask T.H. before he takes the initial dose of metronidazole? State your rationale
8.What is a disulfiram reaction?
9. What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction
Answer All questions in APA format with a separate reference page.