Disparities In Health Service Utilization Among Refugees Cheap Essay Help

Running head: HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG REFUGEES 1

HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG REFUGEES

Disparities in Health Service Utilization Among Refugees

Introduction

· Language barriers, including limited English proficiency, stigmatization, poor access to social welfare programs, immigration status, lack of health insurance, and marginalization are some of the leading factors hindering appropriate healthcare utilization among refugees.

Nursing Area of Focus

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

· According to Kamimura et al. (2017), refugees resettled in the United States report a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than other subpopulations.

· Langellier et al. (2014) observe health utilization disparities between foreign-born refugees and US-born immigrants, primarily due to language discordance and organizational barriers. Minas (2016) attribute CVD risk factors to chronic exposure to mental health issues, physical trauma, depression, disrupted livelihoods, and rampant socioeconomic challenges facing refugees.

Self-management:

· Because disease awareness is a prerequisite for successful prevention and CVD management, focusing on self-management efficacy could improve health utilization and reduce the underlying risk factors (Langellier et al., 2014).

Cultural Group

· Given the lack of awareness about CVD among foreign-born refugees, adult immigrants are more vulnerable than other migrants’ subgroups (Langellier et al., 2014).

Nursing Cultural Model

Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model

· This model consists of six cultural dimensions, social organizations, biological variations, time, environmental control, space, and communication that support the development of culturally congruent approaches to diverse ethnocultural populations (Higginbottom et al., 2011).

Theoretical Application

Nursing Cultural Model and Cultural Group

· The Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Model provides a framework for assessing foreign-born adult refugees to strengthen culturally sensitive modalities and promote better patient outcomes (Higginbottom et al., 2011).

CVD Self-Care and Cultural Competence

· Public health education programs for primary and secondary interventions demonstrate positive improvements in addressing modifiable CVD risks (Minas, 2016; Langellier et al., 2014). Because foreign-born adult refugees face composite obstacles in accessing culturally appropriate health services, applying the Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Model can enhance the efficacy of holistic assessments and improve their overall utilization of primary health services (Minas, 2016; Higginbottom et al., 2011).

Implications to EBP Nursing Practice

Psychoeducation Program:

· Prioritize cultural and socioeconomic needs to foster trust, therapeutic interactions, and patient-centered interventions.

· Assist immigrants to navigate America’s complex health care system; Provide a direct referral to a specific health practitioner.

· Screen for mental health risks; Assess CVD risk factors to inform the choice of best self-care modalities; Lead and coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to a refugee patient with CVD.

· Consider seeking an interpreter; Translate CVD health campaigns, outreach resources, and directories to diverse languages.

Conclusion

· Cultural socioeconomic, cultural, and communication barriers has adverse impacts on the use of healthcare services among refugees. Foreign-born adult immigrants are particularly vulnerable to poorer health outcomes due to linguistic discordance. As a result, these groups are prone to disproportionate disease burden and prevalence of preventable conditions such as CVD.

· Given the significance of cultural competence in addressing health disparities, nurse practitioners need to focus on integrating appropriate cultural frameworks such as the Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Model’s theoretical application to alleviate barriers inhibiting optimal uptake of health services among adult refugees.

References

Higginbottom, G. M., Richter, M. S., Mogale, R. S., Ortiz, L., Young, S., & Mollel, O. (2011). Identification of nursing assessment models/tools validated in clinical practice for use with diverse ethno-cultural groups: An integrative review of the literature. BMC nursing, 10(1), 16.

Kamimura, A., Sin, K., Pye, M., & Meng, H. W. (2017). cardiovascular disease-related health beliefs and lifestyle issues among Karen refugees resettled in the United States from the Thai-Myanmar (Burma) border. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 50(6), 386.

Langellier, B. A., Garza, J. R., Glik, D., Prelip, M. L., Brookmeyer, R., Roberts, C. K., … & Ortega, A. N. (2014). Immigration disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factor awareness. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 14(6), 918-925.

Minas, H. (2016). Mental Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Refugees. In: Alvarenga M., Byrne D. (eds) Handbook of Psychocardiology (pp. 713-725). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-206-7_34

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The best tools that nurses can use to advancing the nursing field ccusa autobiographical essay help: ccusa autobiographical essay help

Advocacy is one of the best tools that nurses can use to advancing the nursing field. Improve the nursing field means better patient outcomes. therefore, nurses must advocate in their workplaces and particularly in actively participating in government actions that change the health platform. Those actions include healthcare reforms that look for a better quality of care, access the healthcare, and healthcare cost-effective. The American Nurse Association provide tools to nurses that allow them to integrate advocacy committee to be able to work with the legislative branch of federal level as well as the state level (ANA, n.d.). in taking advantage of the advocacy committees, nurses can take many actions to improve healthcare trough legislation at both states and federal level.

Through the political action committee provided by the American Nurse Association, nurses can present themselves as candidates to represent the healthcare professional in capitol hill and other legislative activities at the state level. In doing so, nurse leaders will have the opportunity to raise their voices in policymaking, particularly within the legislative and regulatory arenas. They will bring their concerns about the nursing workforce and health disparities, which are examples of policies established in law. Their interventions are very important because health care policy is constantly changing; and nurses must always be part of the change analyst team to advocate not only their scope of practice but also the patient right to have access to health care and to receive excellent quality of care (Schaeffer & Haebler, 2019).

Nurses may use their researches and communicate with their concerns to their local government. As an example, a bill was taken in the state of Florida that authorizes qualified providers to collect medicine that was available in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Still, those who had the prescription could not use it. Those medicines were ordered to serve homeless and other uninsured patients who cannot afford their medicine cost. Even though the senate’s health committee introduced the bill, nurses had to analyze the proposition and look if the patient’s right was considered and the consequences on patient outcomes.

In summary, there are many ways a nurse can intervene to advocate for better quality and access to healthcare. The patient center care should be the primary concern of the health care professional. Nurses may use the Association of American Nurses’ possibilities to get to federal and state legislators to bring their voices to health committees. Their concern must be affordable health care, improve healthcare access, improve quality of care, and improve the regulation of their scope of practice. When nurses are working closer to the governments, they can advocate for patient care and establish better means for improving the health care system. Nurse leaders should always think of how to make s difference in the quality of care that all patients deserve. That is why I plan to advocate not only in searching for issues that are raised in workplaces but also those that are in the laws to make a difference in patient care outcomes.

References

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Advocacy, retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/

Schaeffer, R., Haebler, J. (2019) Nurse Leaders: extending your policy influence. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1541461219301491

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The healthcare industry melbourne essay help

Module 5 Discussion

Healthcare has been one of the most complicated and political issues in the United States of America. Nurses continue to play important roles in the healthcare system. Nurses were among healthcare providers that supported the affordable care act because it is very beneficial for the healthcare systems and patients who did not have health insurance. The United States is one of the greatest countries in the world and there are many opportunities in this country. Healthcare should not be an issue for the citizens of this country, but sadly people continue to suffer and die because of lack of health insurance. I believe that many advocacy actions need to be taken to improve healthcare through the state and federal level, but I will talk about one of the most important actions. The advocacy action I might take to improve health care through legislation at the federal level is to decrease the cost of prescription drugs. The reason I chose that action is because private prescription drug companies continue to increase drugs prices on patients who needs the prescription drugs but not able to afford them due to low incomes.

The healthcare industry is a money machine industry. It costs lots of money to cure diseases and to buy prescription drugs. Most prescription drugs companies care more about making money and competition than their patients. I believe that congress and the senate must pass a legislation or a law that prevents prescription drugs company from increasing drugs prices on consumers. Recently, President Donald Trump took an historic action to deliver lower prescription drug prices to American patients. The president signed four Executive Orders on drug pricing directing the Secretary of Health and Huma Services to take several steps to deliver for American patients lower costs on prescription drugs, including insulin and epinephrine, and ensure Americans are getting the lowest price possible for their drugs. As a registered independent leaning more toward Democrats, I think the Trump administration is on the right path to help decrease prescription drugs prices in this country. According to Socal and Anderson (2019), as congress considers various approaches to address rising costs, one of the options is to allow Medicare to negotiate prices directly with drug manufactures on behalf of Part D beneficiaries, the challenges of this policy is the potential need for Medicare to impose a restrictive formulary to negotiate effectively with drug companies. This showed that the Trump administration and congress are trying to come up with a solution to decrease prescription drugs prices, but the private drug companies will continue to fight because it will not be beneficial for them if their drug prices lowered.

According to Fein (2019), some prescription drugs company offer multiple discounts to patients, which gives them the opportunity to purchase their medications. The article also stated that the companies provided those discounts because they want their products or invention to get on the market for advertisement purposes. Prescription drug companies have lots of powers in the political system, which makes it difficult for congress and senate to pass laws that are beneficial to the patients or consumers rather than the big prescription drug companies.

References

Socal, M. P., & Anderson, G. F. (2020). Older Americans’ Preferences Between Lower Drug Prices and Prescription Drug Plan Choice, 2019. American Journal of Public Health, 110(3), 354-356. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305483 (Links to an external site.)

Fein, A. J. (2019). Don’t Blame Drug Prices on Big Pharma. Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship, 10(4), 161-162.

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Breastfeeding process discussion essay help online: essay help online

Module 5 Case Study 3

Breastfeeding is a process in which the mother feeds the baby milk directly from the breast. Some factors need to be considered when breastfeeding and this includes the nutritional value of breast milk to the infant, the HIV status of the mother, history of certain medications among other things. When explaining this to the young mothers, the health promoter should educate them on the importance of breastmilk to the baby which includes the nutrients and the immune factors. When educating them, the nurse should also inform them of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding especially for those mothers who are HIV positive and are breastfeeding (Rouw, von Gartzen & Weissenborn, 2018). They also need to be informed of the effects of some drugs when breastfeeding and whether or not it should be stopped. To increase the duration and active participation of these clients the health promoter should consider a better teaching strategy since the clients may not be comfortable with the current learning style. A better learning style for this group could be a multimodal strategy (Yang et al., 2020). By having a combination of all these styles the students will have more information with an enjoyable session especially with the inclusion of videos showing how to breastfeed and to take care of the baby.

There is a relationship between culture and growth and development. Culture is simply the peoples’ way of life which may include what the consume and what they don’t. Therefore in a culture where there’s prohibited consumption of certain nutrients will cause a delayed milestone. It is important to assess children’s milestones irrespective of their culture (Clerk, 2020). This is because there is no difference in growth, all milestones are the same and this will help in the identification of any alterations in case there are any.

The teaching objective is to educate parents on how to prevent injury during infancy. These parents will learn through an interactive session of asking and answering questions and also by a demonstration of how this prevention will be done. The sessions will be three in a day each lasting for 2hours and a break of 1hour in between each session (Fujii, 2019). After each session, learners are supposed to answer some questions to gauge their understanding. After the program, the parents will be provided with guidelines on further care of infants.

References

Clark, R. (2020). Assessing Relative Importance of Clinical Milestones on Adherence to Recovery Pathway and Discharge Readiness in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Lobectomy. In A70. ADVANCES IN LUNG CANCER THERAPEUTICS (pp. A2468-A2468). American Thoracic Society. Retrieved fromhttps://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2468 (Links to an external site.)

Fujii, T. (2019). Designing and adapting tasks in lesson planning: A critical process of lesson study. In Theory and Practice of Lesson Study in Mathematics (pp. 681-704). Springer, Cham. Retrieved fromhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-04031-4_33 (Links to an external site.)

Rouw, E., von Gartzen, A., & Weissenborn, A. (2018). The importance of breastfeeding for the infant. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 61(8), 945-951. Retrieved fromhttps://europepmc.org/article/med/29943259 (Links to an external site.)

Yang, X., Zhao, X., Tian, X., & Xing, B. (2020). Effects of environment and posture on the concentration and achievement of students in mobile learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-14. Retrieved fromhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10494820.2019.1707692

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Critical thinking activities essay help websites

Mrs. Smith was a 73-year-old widow who lived alone with no significant social support. She had been suffering from emphysema for several years and had had frequent hospitalizations for respiratory problems. On the last hospital admission, her pneumonia quickly progressed to organ failure. Death appeared to be imminent, and she went in and out of consciousness, alone in her hospital room. The medical-surgical nursing staff and the nurse manager focused on making Mrs. Smith’s end-of-life period as comfortable as possible. Upon consultation with the vice president for nursing, the nurse manager and the unit staff nurses decided against moving Mrs. Smith to the palliative care unit, although considered more economical, because of the need to protect and nurture her because she was already experiencing signs and symptoms of the dying process. Nurses were prompted by an article they read on human caring as the “language of nursing practice” (Turkel, Ray, & Kornblatt, 2012) in their weekly caring practice meetings.

The nurse manager reorganized patient assignments. She felt that the newly assigned clinical nurse leader who was working between both the medical and surgical units could provide direct nurse caring and coordination at the point of care (Sherman, 2012). Over the next few hours, the clinical nurse leader and a staff member who had volunteered her assistance provided personal care for Mrs. Smith. The clinical nurse leader asked the nurse manager whether there was a possibility that Mrs. Smith had any close friends who could “be there” for her in her final moments. One friend was discovered and came to say goodbye to Mrs. Smith. With help from her team, the clinical nurse leader turned, bathed, and suctioned Mrs. Smith. She spoke quietly, prayed, and sang hymns softly in Mrs. Smith’s room, creating a peaceful environment that expressed compassion and a deep sense of caring for her. The nurse manager and nursing unit staff were calmed and their “hearts awakened” by the personal caring that the clinical nurse leader and the volunteer nurse provided. Mrs. Smith died with caring persons at her bedside, and all members of the unit staff felt comforted that she had not died alone.

Davidson, Ray, and Turkel (2011) note that caring is complex, and caring science includes the art of practice, “an aesthetic which illuminates the beauty of the dynamic nurse-patient relationship, that makes possible authentic spiritual-ethical choices for transformation—healing, health, well-being, and a peaceful death” (p. xxiv). As the clinical nurse leader and the nursing staff in this situation engaged in caring practice that focused on the well-being of the patient, they simultaneously created a caring-healing environment that contributed to the well-being of the whole—the emotional atmosphere of the unit, the ability of the clinical nurse leader and staff nurses to practice caringly and competently, and the quality of care the staff were able to provide to other patients. The bureaucratic nature of the hospital included leadership and management systems that conferred power, authority, and control to the nurse manager, the clinical nurse leader, and the nursing staff in partnership with the vice president for nursing. The actions of the nursing administration, clinical nurse leader, and staff reflected values and beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors about the nursing care they would provide, how they would use technology, and how they would deal with human relationships. The ethical and spiritual choice making of the whole staff and the way they communicated their values both reflected and created a caring community in the workplace culture of the hospital unit.

Critical thinking activities

Based on this case study, consider the following questions.

1. What caring behaviors prompted the nurse manager to assign the clinical nurse leader to engage in direct caring for Mrs. Smith? Describe the clinical nurse leader role established by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing in 2004.

2. What issues (ethical, spiritual, legal, social-cultural, economic, and physical) from the structure of the theory of bureaucratic caring influenced this situation? Discuss end-of-life issues in relation to the theory.

3. How did the nurse manager balance these issues? What considerations went into her decision making? Discuss the role and the value of the clinical nurse leader on nursing units. What is the difference between the nurse manager and the clinical nurse leader in terms of caring practice in complex hospital care settings? How does a clinical nurse leader fit into the theory of bureaucratic caring for implementation of a caring practice?

4. What interrelationships are evident between persons in this environment—that is, how were the vice president for nursing, nurse manager, clinical nurse leader, staff, and patient connected in this situation? Compare and contrast the traditional nursing process with Turkel, Ray, and Kornblatt’s (2012) language of caring practice within the theory of bureaucratic caring

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Disparities In Health Service Utilization Among Refugees Cheap Essay Help

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